Gibberellin Is Essentially Required for Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>L.) Somatic Embryogenesis: Dynamic Regulation of Gibberellin 3-Oxidase Gene Expressions

Mitsuhashi, Wataru; Toyomasu, Tomonobu; Masui, Hiroyuki; Katho, Toshinori; Nakaminami, Kentaro; Kashiwagi, Yoshiko; Akutsu, Mitsuaki; Kenmoku, Hiromichi; Sassa, Takeshi; Yamaguchi, Shinjiro; Kamiya, Yûji; Kamada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1271/bbb.67.2438

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In total, 4,818 DEGs were identified in four developmental stages, which can provide novel genetic material for further studies aimed to measure and characterize root development. Plant hormones are intrinsic regulators of plant growth in response to environmental cues (Malamy 2005), and have been shown to be necessary for carrot root growth and development (Michalczuk et al 1992;Mitsuhashi et al 2003;Kulka 2008). We identified 87 DEGs involved in hormone biosynthesis, deactivation, and signaling pathways, indicating that plant hormones regulate carrot root growth in a stage-dependent manner (Michalczuk et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sequencing, assembly, annotation, and gene expression: novel insights into the hormonal control of carrot root development revealed by a high-throughput transcriptome

Wang

Jia

et al. 2015

Mol Genet Genomics

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Previous studies have indicated that hormonal control is essential for plant root growth. The root of the carrot is an edible vegetable with a high nutritional value. However, molecular mechanisms underlying hormone-mediated root growth of carrot have not been illustrated. Therefore, the present study collected carrot root samples from four developmental stages, and performed transcriptome sequencing to understand the molecular functions of plant hormones in carrot root growth. A total of 160,227 transcripts were generated from our transcriptome, which were assembled into 32,716 unigenes with an average length of 1,453 bp. A total of 4,818 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed between the four developmental stages. In total, 87 hormone-related differentially expressed genes were identified, and the roles of the hormones are extensively discussed. Our results suggest that plant hormones may regulate carrot root growth in a phase-dependent manner, and these findings will provide valuable resources for future research on carrot root development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sequencing, assembly, annotation, and gene expression: novel insights into the hormonal control of carrot root development revealed by a high-throughput transcriptome

Wang

Jia

et al. 2015

Mol Genet Genomics

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“…Rajasekaran et al (1987a) observed a neutral effect, since neither paclobutrazol nor the reduced levels of GAs, which may have resulted from its application, altered E character of the P. purpureum explants evaluated. A negative effect was reported by Mitsuhashi et al (2003), who found that uniconazole, another inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, induced shrunken embryos when applied during expression of SE in carrot. Similarly, the use of paclobutrazol in alfalfa significantly decreased the number of somatic embryos formed (Rudus´et al 2002).…”

Section: Use Of Inhibitors/antagonists As Tool To Determine the Role mentioning

confidence: 89%

Involvement of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Somatic Embryogenesis

2005

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In spite of the importance attained by somatic embryogenesis and of the many studies that have been conducted on this developmental process, there are still many aspects that are not fully understood. Among those features, the involvement of plant hormones and plant growth regulators on determining the conversion of somatic onto embryogenic tissues, and on allowing progression and maturation of somatic embryos, are far away from being completely comprehended. Part of these difficulties relies on the frequent appearance of contradictory results when studying the effect of a particular stimulus over a specific stage in somatic embryogenesis. Recent progress achieved on understanding the interaction between exogenously added plant growth regulators over the concentration of endogenous hormones, together with the involvement of sensitivity of the tissues to particular hormone groups, might help clarifying the occurrence of divergent patterns in somatic embryogenesis, and in tissue culture in general. The aspects described above, emphasizing on the effect of the concentration of plant hormones and of the addition of plant growth regulators during the different phases of somatic embryogenesis, will be reviewed in this paper. Citations will be limited to review articles as much as possible and to individual articles only in those cases in which very specific or recent information is presented.Abbreviations: 2,4-D -2

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“…The induction of SE in carrot callus tissue requires elevated levels of GA (Mitsuhashi et al 2003), while development of somatic embryos directly from carrot explants is repressed by GA 3 and promoted by GA inhibitors (Tokuji and Kuriyama 2003). Thus, it seems that relationship between GA content and SE induction depends on explant type and a the mode of SE induction (direct versus indirect).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auxin is also considered as a major factor involved in the acquisition of embryogenic competence in somatic tissues (Pasternak et al 2002;Feher et al 2003), and it has recently been used to induce SE in more than 80% of protocols (Gaj 2004). Less frequently, other exogenously applied plant hormones such as gibberellins (Ruduś et al 2002;Mitsuhashi et al 2003;Cheng and Chang 2003;Pullman et al 2005), cytokinins (Fiore et al 1997;Sagare et al 2000;Wu et al 2004;Chung et al 2005) and ABA (Charriere and Hahne 1998;Fernando and Gamage 2000;Senger et al 2001;Kikuchi et al 2005;Ogata et al 2005) have been reported to influence SE induction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone-response mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. impaired in somatic embryogenesis

et al. 2006

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Plant hormones are considered to be the key factors involved in triggering in vitro induced plant morphogenesis, including somatic embryogenesis (SE). Mutants affected in SE and altered in hormonal response therefore provide valuable material for genetic research on in vitro induced plant embryogenesis. The capacity for SE was studied in 27 mutants with defects in response to different plant hormones: auxin, ABA, gibberellin and cytokinin, and evaluated in 2-weekold mutant and wild-type cultures in terms of their efficiency and productivity. SE was induced in vitro via a direct morphogenic pathway, through the culture of immature zygotic embryos on standard solid medium with 5 lM 2,4-D. The majority of the analyzed mutants displayed a significantly impaired capacity for SE; and those affected belonged to several different hormonedefective groups, including forms affected in auxin (axr4), gibberellin (ga) and ABA (abi, hyl1, cpb20, abh1) response. These mutants showed a significant decrease in embryogenic response as manifested by a low efficiency and/or productivity of SE. Additionally, SE efficiency was analyzed for axr4-1 mutant on media supplemented with different auxins while GA 3 and inhibitors of gibberellins (uniconazol P and paclobutrazol), were applied for pkl1-1-mutant. The selected mutants provide a valuable research tool for studying the molecular mechanisms determining the induction of embryogenesis in cultures of somatic tissues. Their usefulness in further studies is discussed.

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Gibberellin Is Essentially Required for Carrot (Daucus carotaL.) Somatic Embryogenesis: Dynamic Regulation of Gibberellin 3-Oxidase Gene Expressions

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Sequencing, assembly, annotation, and gene expression: novel insights into the hormonal control of carrot root development revealed by a high-throughput transcriptome

Sequencing, assembly, annotation, and gene expression: novel insights into the hormonal control of carrot root development revealed by a high-throughput transcriptome

Involvement of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Somatic Embryogenesis

Hormone-response mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. impaired in somatic embryogenesis

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