Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. removal efficiency of a combined fixed-film system treating domestic wastewater receiving hospital effluent

Yamashiro, Sandra; Foco, Mario Luiz Rodrigues; Pineda, Carolina Ortiz; José, Juliana; Nour, Edson Aparecido Abdul; Siqueira-Castro, Isabel Cristina Vidal; Franco, Regina Maura Bueno

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05500-8

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…MrBayes v3.1.2 was used to perform Bayesian analyses with four independent Markov chain runs for 1,000,000 metropolis-coupled MCMC generations, sampling a tree every 100th generation [ 64 ]. References [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ] are cited in the supplementary materials . The first 25% of trees represented burn-in and the remaining trees were used to calculate Bayesian posterior probability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2021

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Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2021

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“…Compared to other assemblages of G. duodenalis, assemblages A and B have been predominantly reported in wastewater globally, while assemblage C (Yamashiro et al 2019), E (Castro-Hermida et al 2011;Ben Ayed et al 2012;Hatam-Nahavandi et al 2017) and G (Huang et al 2017;Ma et al 2019) have been reported sporadically (Table 3).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Protozoans In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard detection methods for Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater involve concentration (using filtration or flocculation) and purification of the oo(cysts) (usually using immuno magnetic separation-IMS), followed by immunofluorescent microscopy and enumeration, based on Method EPA 1693/2014 (USEPA 2014). The recovery efficiency from wastewater varies widely and ranges from 5.5% to as high as 100% with mean recoveries of 62% (Cryptosporidium) and 45% (Giardia) Quintero-Betancourt et al 2003;Robertson et al 2006;Nasser et al 2012;Nasser 2016;Yamashiro et al 2019). However, a major limitation of standard microscopy-based detection methods is that they do not provide information on the species/assemblages.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Protozoans In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide diversity of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and assemblages have been detected in wastewater with many studies reporting C. hominis as well as C. parvum, C. muris, C. meleagridis and G. duodenalis assemblages A and B among the most prevalent (King et al 2015a;Taran-Benshoshan et al 2015;Ulloa-Stanojlović et al 2016;Huang et al 2017;Ramo et al 2017;Zahedi et al 2018;Yamashiro et al 2019) (Tables 2 and 3). In addition, a few studies have utilised subtyping tools to further investigate Cryptosporidium gp60 subtypes in wastewater (Feng et al 2009;Ben-Ayed et al 2012;Li et al 2012;Ma et al 2016;Huang et al 2017;Jiang et al 2020).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Protozoans In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonality and inflow also affect removal (King et al 2017), and many studies have reported variable removal of both Cryptosporidium and Giardia from WWTPs, particularly activated sludge (Nasser et al 2012;2016). Giardia Log 10 reduction values (LRV) removal efficiencies of 0.5-4.0 (Taran-Benshoshan et al 2015;Soller et al 2017;Hamilton et al 2018;Yamashiro et al 2019) and Cryptosporidium LRVs ranging from 0.21 to 3.08 (King et al 2017;Soller et al 2017;Hamilton et al 2018) have been reported from various WWTPs. WWTPs that used Bardenpho processes (similar to activated sludge but incorporates additional aerobic (oxic) and anoxic stages) have been reported to have had significantly greater LRVs for Cryptosporidium and Giardia than WWTPs using activated sludge or other methods (Schmitz et al 2018).…”

Section: Fate/survival/removal Of Protozoans and Sars-cov-2 In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater-based epidemiology—surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia

et al. 2021

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Waterborne diseases are a major global problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and massive economic costs. The ability to rapidly and reliably detect and monitor the spread of waterborne diseases is vital for early intervention and preventing more widespread disease outbreaks. Pathogens are, however, difficult to detect in water and are not practicably detectable at acceptable concentrations that need to be achieved in treated drinking water (which are of the order one per million litre). Furthermore, current clinical-based surveillance methods have many limitations such as the invasive nature of the testing and the challenges in testing large numbers of people. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), which is based on the analysis of wastewater to monitor the emergence and spread of infectious disease at a population level, has received renewed attention in light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present review will focus on the application of WBE for the detection and surveillance of pathogens with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the waterborne protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The review highlights the benefits and challenges of WBE and the future of this tool for community-wide infectious disease surveillance.

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Potential Biorisks of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. from Reclaimed Water and Countermeasures

Zhu

Ren

2022

Curr Pollution Rep

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Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. removal efficiency of a combined fixed-film system treating domestic wastewater receiving hospital effluent

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon

Wastewater-based epidemiology—surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia

Potential Biorisks of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. from Reclaimed Water and Countermeasures

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