Giant voltage-induced deformation in dielectric elastomers near the verge of snap-through instability

Li, Tiefeng; Keplinger, Christoph; Baumgartner, Richard; Bauer, Siegfried; Yang, Wei; Suo, Zhigang

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2012.09.006

Cited by 305 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…recently demonstrated that voltage-induced expansion could reach 488% of areal strain when a DE membrane is subjected to biaxial dead loads. Keplinger et al (2012) and Li T.F. et al (2013) were able to achieve a giant voltage-triggered expansion of area by 1692% in a DE membrane by harnessing the electromechanical instability with air pressure control.…”

Section: Influence Of Pre-stretch On De Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural muscles DEs Energy density 150 J/kg (peak to 300 J/kg) (Boy et al, 2013) 3400 J/kg (Brochu and Pei, 2010) Frequencies and response time 10 Hz, 10 ms (Meijer et al, 2001) 10 kHz, 0.1 ms (Sheng et al, 2013) Maximum strain 100% linear (Brochu and Pei, 2010) 1692% areal (Li T.F. et al, 2013) (Li T.F.…”

Section: Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the elastomer is recovered if the voltage is removed. Nowadays, the typical operating voltage for DE functioning falls into the range 500 V to 10 kV, and the areal strain can be as much as 1000% (Wissler and Mazza, 2005;Zhang et al, 2005;Li T.F. et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Qian

2016

JZUS-A

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Dielectric elastomers (DEs) respond to applied electric voltage with a surprisingly large deformation, showing a promising capability to generate actuation in mimicking natural muscles. A theoretical foundation of the mechanics of DEs is of crucial importance in designing DE-based structures and devices. In this review, we survey some recent theoretical and numerical efforts in exploring several aspects of electroactive materials, with emphases on the governing equations of electromechanical coupling, constitutive laws, viscoelastic behaviors, electromechanical instability as well as actuation applications. An overview of analytical models is provided based on the representative approach of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, with computational analyses being required in more generalized situations such as irregular shape, complex configuration, and time-dependent deformation. Theoretical efforts have been devoted to enhancing the working limits of DE actuators by avoiding electromechanical instability as well as electric breakdown, and pre-strains are shown to effectively avoid the two failure modes. These studies lay a solid foundation to facilitate the use of DE materials, structures, and devices in a wide range of applications such as biomedical devices, adaptive systems, robotics, energy harvesting, etc.

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Section: Influence Of Pre-stretch On De Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Qian

2016

JZUS-A

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“…Following the ideas in References [46,82,[87][88][89] in the context of incompressible elasticity, a simple way to ensure the correctness of the above additive decomposition (8), or equivalently, that only the U -term accounts for the pressure contribution, would be to constructŴ in terms of the isochoric components of F , H and in terms of the spatial vectord, that iŝ…”

Section: Translational and Rotational Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Li et al [8] have reported an outstanding voltage induced area expansion of 1980% on a Dielectric Elastomer membrane film. In this specific case, the electromechanical instability is harnessed as a means for obtaining these electrically induced massive deformations with potential applications in soft robots, adaptive optics, balloon catheters and Braille displays [8], among others. Moreover, these materials have been successfully applied as generators to harvest energy from renewable sources, such as human movements and ocean waves [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational framework for large strain nearly and truly incompressible electromechanics based on convex multi-variable strain energies

Ortigosa

Gil

Lee

2016

Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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Please cite this article as: R. Ortigosa, A.J. Gil, C.H. Lee, A computational framework for large strain nearly and truly incompressible electromechanics based on convex multi-variable strain energies, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.cma.2016.06.025 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A computational framework for large strain nearly and truly incompressible electromechanics based on convex multi-variable strain energies. AbstractThe series of papers published by Gil and Ortigosa [1-3] introduced a new convex multi-variable variational and computational framework for the numerical simulation of Electro Active Polymers (EAPs) in scenarios characterised by extreme deformations and/or extreme electric fields. Building upon this body of work, five key novelties are incorporated in this paper. First, a generalisation of the concept of multi-variable convexity to energy functionals additively decomposed into isochoric and volumetric components. This decomposition is typical of nearly and truly incompressible materials, group which represents the majority of the most relevant EAPs. Second, convexification or regularisation strategies are applied to a priori non-convex multi-variable isochoric functionals to yield physically meaningful convex multi-variable functionals. Third, based on the mixed variational principles introduced in Reference [1] in the context of compressible electro-elasticity, a novel extended Hu-Washizu mixed variational principle for nearly and truly incompressible scenarios is presented. From the computational standpoint, a static condensation procedure is applied in order to condense out the element-wise extra fields, the resulting formulation having a comparable cost to the more standard three-field displacement-potential-pressure mixed formulation. Fourth, the computational framework for the three-field mixed variational principle in nearly and truly incompressible scenarios is also presented. In this case, the novelty resides in the consideration of convex multi-

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Pneumatic Networks for Soft Robotics that Actuate Rapidly

Mosadegh

Polygerinos

Keplinger

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

1,202

769

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Soft robots actuated by pressurization and inflation of a pneumatic network (a "pneunet") of small channels in elastomeric materials are appealing for their ability to produce sophisticated motions with simple controls. Although current designs of pneu-nets achieve motion with large amplitudes, they do so relatively slowly (that is, over seconds). This paper describes a new design for pneu-nets that reduces the amount of gas that must be transported for inflation of the pneu-net, and thus increases its speed of actuation. A simple actuator can bend from a linear shape to a quasi-circular shape in 50 milliseconds when pressurized at ΔP = 345 kPa. At high rates of pressurization and inflation, the path along which the actuator bends depends on this rate. When inflated fully, the channels and chambers of this new pneu-net design experience only one-tenth the change in volume of that required for a motion of equal amplitude using the previous design. This small change in volume requires comparably low levels of strain in the material at maximum amplitudes of actuation, and commensurately low rates of fatigue and failure. This actuator can operate over a million cycles without significant degradation of performance. This design for soft robotic actuators combines high rates of actuation with high reliability of the actuator, and opens new areas of application for them.

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Giant voltage-induced deformation in dielectric elastomers near the verge of snap-through instability

Cited by 305 publications

References 71 publications

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials, structures, and devices

A computational framework for large strain nearly and truly incompressible electromechanics based on convex multi-variable strain energies

Pneumatic Networks for Soft Robotics that Actuate Rapidly

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