Giant rockslides from the inside

Weidinger, Johannes T.; Korup, Oliver; Munack, Henry; Altenberger, Uwe; Dunning, Stuart; Tippelt, Gerold; Lottermoser, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.017

Cited by 109 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Field and petrographic evidence of cataclasis (including macro-and micro-breccias and jigsaw-cracked rock masses), clastic dikes, shearing, and frictional melting (pseudotachy- on November 18, 2014 geology.gsapubs.org Downloaded from lyte) help constrain the dynamics and emplacement mechanisms of the MGS. All of these features are indicative of catastrophic movement and have been well documented in other largescale catastrophic rockslides in active mountain belts (e.g., Anders et al, 2000;Weidinger et al, 2014). The uniformity of widespread kinematic indicators on the basal slide plane and internal shear zones (mainly slickenlines, grooves, and Riedel shears) indicates southward movement of the slide mass (Fig.…”

Section: Timing and Mechanics Of Emplacementsupporting

confidence: 52%

Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Hacker

Biek

Rowley³

2014

Geology

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Section: Timing and Mechanics Of Emplacementsupporting

confidence: 52%

Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Hacker

Biek

Rowley³

2014

Geology

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“…These observations have led to developments in empirical models of landslide‐dam formation. Yet physically based insights on the propensity to, and longevity of, landslide dams still are in their infancy. Though many studies have examined the sedimentology of rock avalanches and rock slides (Dufresne et al, ; Dufresne & Dunning, ; Dunning & Armitage, ; Weidinger et al, ), hydrologic and meteorologic measurements are limited, in situ monitoring has been sparse, and geotechnical features of dam materials (i.e., particle size distribution, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and mechanical properties) need better study.…”

Section: Post‐seismic Geological Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

Fan

Scaringi

Korup

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

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614

325

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Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface.

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“…At rock mass instabilities the fragmentation of the detached rock mass has been acknowledged by several researchers either for rockfalls (Dussauge 2003, Giacomini et al 2009, Wang and Tonon 2010, Agliardi et al 2009, Crosta et al 2015 or for rock avalanches (Locat et al 2006;Crosta et al 2007;Davies et al 1999;Hewitt, 1998Hewitt, , 1999Hermanns et al 2006;McSaveney and Davis, 2007;Weidinger et al 2014).…”

Section: Rock Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fractal fragmentation model for rockfalls

2016

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(150-250 words)The impact-induced rock mass fragmentation in a rockfall is analyzed by comparing the In Situ Block Size Distribution (IBSD) of the rock mass detached from the cliff face and the resultant Rockfall Block Size Distribution (RBSD) of the rockfall fragments on the slope. The analysis of several inventoried rockfall events suggests that the volumes of the rockfall fragments can be characterized by a power law distribution. We propose the application of a three-parameter Rockfall Fractal Fragmentation Model (RFFM) for the transformation of the IBSD into the RBSD. A Discrete Fracture Network model is used to simulate the discontinuity pattern of the detached rock mass and to generate the IBSD. Each block of the IBSD of the detached rock mass is an initiator. A survival rate is included to express the proportion of the unbroken blocks after the impact on the ground surface. The model was calibrated using the volume distribution of a rockfall event in Vilanova de Banat in the Cadí Sierra, Eastern Pyrenees, Spain. The RBSD was obtained directly in the field, by measuring the rock blocks fragments deposited on the slope. The IBSD and the RBSD were fitted by exponential and power-law functions, respectively. The results show that the proposed fractal model can successfully generate the RBSD from the IBSD and indicate the model parameter values for the case study.

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Giant rockslides from the inside

Cited by 109 publications

References 49 publications

Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Earthquake‐Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts

A fractal fragmentation model for rockfalls

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