Giant magnetoresistive biochip for DNA detection and HPV genotyping

Xu, Li; Heng, Yu; Akhras, Michael; Han, Shu‐Jen; Osterfeld, Sebastian J.; White, Robert L.; Pourmand, Nader; Wang, Shan X.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.030

Cited by 150 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Although some efforts have been made to move these concepts into the bioanalytical arena (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(13)(14)(15), there are few demonstrations of actual magnetic protein assays of either single or multiple analytes in a buffer or serum sample. In particular, multiple analytes require sophisticated biochemistry as well as control sensors on a single chip to ascertain sensitivity and selectivity at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiplex protein assays based on real-time magnetic nanotag sensing

Osterfeld

Heng

Gaster

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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272

232

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Magnetic nanotags (MNTs) are a promising alternative to fluorescent labels in biomolecular detection assays, because minute quantities of MNTs can be detected with inexpensive giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors, such as spin valve (SV) sensors. However, translating this promise into easy to use and multilplexed protein assays, which are highly sought after in molecular diagnostics such as cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring, has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate multiplex protein detection of potential cancer markers at subpicomolar concentration levels and with a dynamic range of more than four decades. With the addition of nanotag amplification, the analytic sensitivity extends into the low fM concentration range. The multianalyte ability, sensitivity, scalability, and ease of use of the MNT-based protein assay technology make it a strong contender for versatile and portable molecular diagnostics in both research and clinical settings.A consensus is emerging that early detection and personalized treatment in clinics based on genetic and proteomic profiles of perhaps 4-20 biomarkers are the key to improving the survival rate of patients with complex diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (1-3). Although the tools for large-scale biomarker discovery with hundreds to thousands of biomarkers are available, there are few biomolecular detection tools capable of multiplex and sensitive detection of protein biomarkers that can be readily adopted in clinical settings for biomarker validation and for personalized diagnosis and treatment. This need, we believe, can be fulfilled by the magnetic nanotag (MNT)-based biomolecular assay technology reported here. We demonstrate the feasibility and implementation of this technology with multiple potential cancer markers.Several research groups are investigating MNT (4-6)-based analyte quantification as a highly sensitive alternative to optical biosensors and biochips (7-10). By labeling the target analyte of interest with MNTs (see Fig. 1), analyte detection and quantification can occur when the analyte binds to capture probes on the surface of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors (11-15) such as spin valve (SV) sensors (16), which have been developed and optimized for use in hard disk drives on a scale of hundreds of millions of units annually with great economy and reliability. Such sensors, when modified for use in biological applications, were previously shown to be capable of detecting as few as 10 MNTs (13, 16). ResultsGiven the recent efforts to develop methods for early cancer detection via quantification of cancer-related cytokines, we chose the following analytes for our MNT-based protein assays: cancer embryonic antigen (CEA), eotaxin, granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1␣), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IFN gamma (IFN-␥), lactoferrin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣). Fig. 1 outlines the detection scheme in which analyte is captured on the sensor surface and qu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research groups are investigating MNT (4-6)-based analyte quantification as a highly sensitive alternative to optical biosensors and biochips (7)(8)(9)(10). By labeling the target analyte of interest with MNTs (see Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex protein assays based on real-time magnetic nanotag sensing

Osterfeld

Heng

Gaster

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

272

232

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“…These researchers used a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to detect binding of antibodies labeled with magnetic tags. While successful, the operating conditions required liquid helium cooling and a magnetically shielded room, and these in combination limit practical application of SQUID-based biosensors [79,89,[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153].…”

Section: Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferromagnetic Multilayers: Magnetoresistance, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Beyond

2016

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Abstract:Obtaining highly sensitive ferromagnetic, FM, and nonmagnetic, NM, multilayers with a large room-temperature magnetoresistance, MR, and strong magnetic anisotropy, MA, under a small externally applied magnetic field, H, remains a subject of scientific and technical interest. Recent advances in nanofabrication and characterization techniques have further opened up several new ways through which MR, sensitivity to H, and MA of the FM/NM multilayers could be dramatically improved in miniature devices such as smart spin-valves based biosensors, non-volatile magnetic random access memory, and spin transfer torque nano-oscillators. This review presents in detail the fabrication and characterization of a few representative FM/NM multilayered films-including the nature and origin of MR, mechanism associated with spin-dependent conductivity and artificial generation of MA. In particular, a special attention is given to the Pulsed-current deposition technique and on the potential industrial applications and future prospects. FM multilayers presented in this review are already used in real-life applications such as magnetic sensors in automobile and computer industries. These material are extremely important as they have the capability to efficiently replace presently used magnetic sensors in automobile, electronics, biophysics, and medicine, among many others.

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“…Non destructive testing, either for flux leakage detection for packaging control [12] or metal surface cracks scanning [13,14], is another relevant area where MR sensors are used. Magnetic biosensors based on MR technology used to detect surface binding reactions of biological molecules labelled with magnetic particles, is an emerging field providing key advantages for both research and clinical settings, as sensors can be arrayed and multiplexed to perform complex protein or nucleic acid analysis in a single assay with full scalable IC integration capability, making it appealing for point-of-care (POC) applications along with lab-on-chip systems [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: -P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearization strategies for high sensitivity magnetoresistive sensors

Silva

Leitao

Valadeiro

et al. 2015

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors envisaged for applications on biomedical imaging require the detection of low-intensity and low-frequency signals. Therefore linear magnetic sensors with enhanced sensitivity low noise levels and improved field detection at low operating frequencies are necessary. Suitable devices can be designed using magnetoresistive sensors, with room temperature operation, adjustable detected field range, CMOS compatibility and cost-effective production. The advent of spintronics set the path to the technological revolution boosted by the storage industry, in particular by the development of read heads using magnetoresistive devices. New multilayered structures were engineered to yield devices with linear output. We present a detailed study of the key factors influencing MR sensor performance (materials, geometries and layout strategies) with focus on different linearization strategies available. Furthermore strategies to improve sensor detection levels are also addressed with best reported values of ∼40 pT/ √ Hz at 30 Hz, representing a step forward the low field detection at room temperature.

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Giant magnetoresistive biochip for DNA detection and HPV genotyping

Cited by 150 publications

References 18 publications

Multiplex protein assays based on real-time magnetic nanotag sensing

Multiplex protein assays based on real-time magnetic nanotag sensing

Ferromagnetic Multilayers: Magnetoresistance, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Beyond

Linearization strategies for high sensitivity magnetoresistive sensors

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