Giant actuation strain nearly 0.6% in a periodically orthogonal poled lead titanate zirconate ceramic <i>via</i> reversible domain switching

Li, Faxin; Wang, Qiangzhong; Miao, Hongchen

doi:10.1063/1.4997940

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Figure 7a shows the presence of large BaTiO 3 grains (ca. 100 µm) and the development of layered/herringbone structures which are typical of the tetragonal phase [78,80]. EDX-spectra of these structures in Figure 7 12.…”

Section: Barium Titanate Sem and Edsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Akay

2020

Catalysts

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Simultaneous generation of plasma by microwave irradiation of perovskite or the spinel type of silica supported porous catalyst oxides and their reduction by nitrogen in the presence of oxygen is demonstrated. As a result of plasma generation in air, NOx generation is accompanied by the development of highly heterogeneous regions in terms of chemical and morphological variations within the catalyst. Regions of almost completely reduced catalyst are dispersed within the catalyst oxide, across micron-scale domains. The quantification of the catalyst heterogeneity and evaluation of catalyst structure are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and XRD. Plasma generating supported spinel catalysts are synthesized using the technique developed by the author (Catalysts; 2016; 6; 80) and BaTiO3 is used to exemplify perovskites. Silica supported catalyst systems are represented as M/Si = X (single catalysts) or as M(1)/M(2)/Si = X/Y/Z (binary catalysts) where M; M(1) M(2) = Cr; Mn; Fe; Co; Cu and X, Y, Z are the molar ratio of the catalysts and SiO2 support. Composite porous catalysts are synthesized using a mixture of Co and BaTiO3. In all the catalysts, structural heterogeneity manifests itself through defects, phase separation and increased porosity resulting in the creation of the high activity sites. The chemical heterogeneity results in reduced and oxidized domains and in very large changes in catalyst/support ratio. High electrical potential activity within BaTiO3 particles is observed through the formation of electrical treeing. Plasma generation starts as soon as the supported catalyst is synthesized. Two conditions for plasma generation are observed: Metal/Silica molar ratio should be > 1/2 and the resulting oxide should be spinel type; represented as MaOb (a = 3; b = 4 for single catalyst). Composite catalysts are represented as {M/Si = X}/BaTiO3 and obtained from the catalyst/silica precursor fluid with BaTiO3 particles which undergo fragmentation during microwave irradiation. Further irradiation causes plasma generation, NOx formation and lattice oxygen depletion. Partially reduced spinels are represented as MaOb–c. These reactions occur through a chemical looping process in micron-scale domains on the porous catalyst surface. Therefore; it is possible to scale-up this process to obtain NOx from MaOb for nitric acid production and H2 generation from MaOb–c by catalyst re-oxidized by water. Re-oxidation by CO2 delivers CO as fuel. These findings explain the mechanism of conversion of combustion gases (CO2 + N2) to CO and NOx via a chemical looping process. Mechanism of catalyst generation is proposed and the resulting structural inhomogeneity is characterized. Plasma generating catalysts also represent a new form of Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) for stealth and protection from radiation in which electromagnetic energy is dissipated by plasma generation and catalytic reactions. These catalytic RAMs can be expected to be more efficient in frequency independent microwave absorption.

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Section: Barium Titanate Sem and Edsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Akay

2020

Catalysts

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“…Up to date, several methods are used to achieve the domain engineering, such as composition design, texturing or single crystal, and electric field. 18,53,63,150,[312][313][314][510][511][512] Generally, the composition design can guarantee the domain size but cannot control the orientation of domains. However, texturing or single crystal can effectively control the orientation of domains due to the oriented growth, and the further orientation of domains can be achieved by applying an electric field.…”

Section: Nano-domain Engineering Vs Piezoelectricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-domains in lead-free piezoceramics: a review

Zhang

2020

J. Mater. Chem. A

158

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“…21,22 An alternative approach for realizing strain manipulation of magnetism is to grow magnetic films on flexible substrates. 23−27 Compared to piezoelectric substrates utilized in multiferroic composites, flexible substrates can withstand greater strain and are more compatible with electrical devices, 28,29 making them fascinating application prospects as stretchable transistor and wearable devices. 30−33 Hence, this approach, or the so-called flexible spintronics, is of great interest to both technology and scientific audiences.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Strain Manipulation of Exchange Bias Field and Spin Dynamics in FeCo/IrMn Multilayers Grown on Flexible Substrates

Zhang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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As a key effect in spintronic devices, exchange bias has attracted tremendous attention. Various approaches have been attempted for optimizing this effect, among which the application of strain in flexible exchange-biased systems is promising, but little significant improvement has been reported. Here, we demonstrate encouraging progress in this field. With a pure mechanical compressive strain of −6.26‰ applied to the flexible polyimide (PI) substrate, distinct enhancement of ∼900% in the bias field (from 20 to 200 Oe) is achieved for the exchange-biased (FeCo/IrMn)3/Ta multilayers grown on top of a flexible PI substrate, accompanied by a notable decrease in the Gilbert damping parameter from 0.02 to 0.008, signifying an improved exchange bias effect as well as a potentially reduced switching current density. The underlying mechanism is investigated by a systematic ferromagnetic resonance study, suggesting that the angle between the unidirectional and uniaxial magnetic easy axes plays an important role, which may be controlled by adjusting the layer number. This work offers an efficient strategy for tuning the exchange bias effect via applying appropriate mechanical strain on a multiperiodic exchange bias multilayered system, opening up an avenue for tailoring the magnetic properties of flexible spintronic devices.

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Giant actuation strain nearly 0.6% in a periodically orthogonal poled lead titanate zirconate ceramic via reversible domain switching

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Nano-domains in lead-free piezoceramics: a review

Mechanical Strain Manipulation of Exchange Bias Field and Spin Dynamics in FeCo/IrMn Multilayers Grown on Flexible Substrates

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