Gianotti–Crosti syndrome in a child following hepatitis B virus vaccination

Abstract

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is self-limited, characterized by papular eruption with a symmetrical distribution on the limbs and face of children, and a dermatosis of unknown etiology. However, there are many suggested factors such as a number of diseases (viral or bacterial) and vaccination. We report a case of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome that had developed 3 weeks after the hepatitis B virus vaccination.

Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies?

“…GCS was also associated with the following vaccines: diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, 118-122 hepatitis A, 121-123 HBV, 124 , 125 influenza, 126-128 Japanese encephalitis, 129 measles, 124 measlesmumps-rubella, 118 , 130 and poliomyelitis (oral vaccine, US 103 and Turkey). 103 , 111 However, temporal relationships do not necessarily imply causal relationships.…”

“…The female-to-male ratio is around 2: 1. 125 , 127 , 137 , 148 The reason for this uneven distribution is unknown.…”

Viral exanthems in childhood. Part 3: Parainfectious exanthems and those associated with virus‐drug interactions

“…In Northern Europe, hepatitis B virus is not a significant trigger of GCS, but in Mediterranean countries, especially Italy it is one of the most important. The exanthem may also appear as an expression of a vaccine reaction, including the hepatitis B vaccine [3, 4],…”

The Skin and Viral Liver Disease

“…Current views on the issue span from a role of immune complex deposition to occurrence of virus-related delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, an association between immunization and GCS has long been outlined, with anti-HBV and anti-HAV vaccinations being included in the list of triggering factors [54][55][56][57].…”

“…In this respect, the following dermatological undesired manifestations have been reported: erythema nodosum [65], generalized granuloma annulare [66], Gianotti-Crosti syndrome [54,56,67], cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa [68] and pityriasis rosea-like rash [68], lichen planus [69], lichenoid and pseudolymphomatous reactions confined to site of injection [70], and generalized pseudolymphomatous reactions [71].…”