Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells

Cour, Charlotta Dornonville de la; Lindström, Erik; Norlén, Per; Håkanson, R.

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.02.008

Cited by 141 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our results using the Bravo system, with an increase of intragastric pH during 1 wk after three times daily, administration of ghrelin, are in accordance with earlier studies [19,22] , but at variance with another [23] . This may be explained by the fact that different methods for studying gastric acid secretion have been employed, some of which are dependent on gastric motility for the emptying of gastric secretions through the fistula.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This might be due to the fact that motility was stimulated by a continuous infusion of the hormone, whereas the pH effect was brought about by repeated injections of ghrelin, a form of administration that is considered less liable to desensitization effects. As ghrelin not only increases intragastric pH, but also stimulates gastric emptying in rodents [22,23,25,26] . This may be an erroneous factor in determining acid secretion using the fistula method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bravo capsule system optimizes intragastric pH monitoring over prolonged time: Effects of ghrelin on gastric acid and hormone secretion in the rat

Rudholm¹,

Hellström²,

Theodorsson³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To evaluate measurements of intragastric pH with the Bravo capsule system over a prolonged time. METHODS: A Bravo capsule was placed inside the rat gastric body and pH was studied for periods up to five consecutive days. For comparison, a gastric fistula model was used. Effects of ghrelin and esomeprazole, with or without pentagastrin, on gastric pH were studied. In addition, effects of esomeprazole on plasma ghrelin, gastrin and somatostatin were analyzed. RESULTS: All rats recovered after surgery. The average 24-h pH during free feeding was 2.3 ± 0.1 (n = 20) with a variation of 18% ± 6% over 5 d. Ghrelin, 2400 pmol/kg, t.i.d. increased pH from 1.7 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.3 (P < 0.01) as recorded with the Bravo system. After esomeprazole (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) there was a dose-dependent pH increase of maximally 3.4 ± 0.1, with day-to-day variation over the entire period of 8% ± 3%. The fistula and pH studies generated similar results. Acid inhibition with esomeprazole increased plasma ghrelin from 10 ± 2 pmol/L to 65 ± 26 pmol/L (P < 0.001), and somatostatin from 10 ± 2 pmol/L to 67 ± 18 pmol/L (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: pH measurements with the Bravo capsule are reliable, and comparable to those of the gastric fistula model. The Bravo system optimizes accurate intragastric pH monitoring over prolonged p e r i o d s a n d a l l o w s b o t h s h o r t-a n d l o n g -t e r m evaluation of effects of drugs and hormones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bravo capsule system optimizes intragastric pH monitoring over prolonged time: Effects of ghrelin on gastric acid and hormone secretion in the rat

Rudholm¹,

Hellström²,

Theodorsson³

et al. 2008

WJG

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“…Results regarding the effects of ghrelin on gastric acid secretion are equivocal, as stimulation (probably via vagal pathways stimulating parietal cells) [157], inhibition [131], and lack of effect [43] have been reported. It was suggested that conflicting data may reflect the presence of both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways, and that experimental conditions and models may determine how they balance out.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Des-acyl ghrelin does not seem to influence gastric secretion [43,132]. Regarding to motility, des-acyl ghrelin inhibits gastric emptying without altering small intestinal transit [3,32].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin: Three pieces of the same puzzle

2008

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a b s t r a c tThe major active product of ghrelin gene is a 28-amino acid peptide acylated at the serine 3 position with an octanoyl group, called simply ghrelin. Ghrelin has a multiplicity of physiological functions, affecting GH release, food intake, energy and glucose homeostasis, This suggests the existence of a novel endocrine system with multiple effector elements which not only may have opposite actions but may regulate the action of each other. In this review, we summarize the steps which lead to the production of the different ghrelin gene products and examine the most significant differences between them in terms of structure and actions.

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“…It is released following cephalic stimulation (1); the sites for its synthesis are proximal (10,22,24); and it stimulates gastric acid secretion (11,26), gastrointestinal motility (13,38), and pancreatic exocrine secretions (32), all of which increase in anticipation of eating. Indeed, stimulating these physiological responses may be ghrelin's primary feedingrelated function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans

Frecka

Mattes²

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Frecka JM, Mattes RD. Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294: G699-G707, 2008. First published January 10, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2007.-Ghrelin is reportedly a meal-initiation signal based on observations that concentrations increase before meals coincident with rising hunger. However, evidence that ghrelin peaks vary with feeding schedules suggests that it rises in anticipation of an expected meal, rather than eliciting feeding. To explore the entrainment of ghrelin profiles, this study investigated the association between varying habitual meal patterns and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Lean and obese adults following either a short intermeal interval (SII) pattern, with 2.5-3.5 h between their habitual breakfast and lunch times, or a long intermeal interval (LII) pattern, with 5.5-6.5 h between these eating occasions, participated. Food intake and appetite were recorded for 2 baseline days. On the subsequent test day, blood samples were collected over 8 h while participants ate a breakfast and lunch matched to their customary meals and pattern. Appetite ratings were obtained and ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin concentrations were measured. Peak ghrelin concentrations differed significantly by group and occurred prior to each group's respective lunch time. Ghrelin concentrations directly correlated with subjective hunger. This association was stronger when hunger preceded ghrelin, a pattern inconsistent with ghrelin causing the hunger rise. Ghrelin concentrations were inversely correlated with insulin, and peak insulin concentrations preceded nadir ghrelin concentrations postprandially. Ghrelin concentrations periprandially, and over the entire test session, did not differ by meal group, likely because of similar intakes between groups. These data demonstrate that the timing of ghrelin peaks is related to habitual meal patterns and may rise in anticipation of eating rather than eliciting feeding.hunger; appetite; food intake; satiety; gut hormone HORMONES SECRETED BY ADIPOSE tissue reportedly signal chronic adiposity whereas peptides secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas provide more acute signals that may influence eating behavior (44). Multiple peptides may mediate meal size and frequency (41), but only ghrelin is posited to stimulate hunger and initiate meal ingestion. Support for this role is multifold. Intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal ghrelin injections increase food intake and body weight in rodents (29,43). Additionally, infusion of anti-ghrelin antibodies into the rat brain suppresses fasting-induced feeding. However, food intake and responses to starvation do not differ between ghrelin-null mice and wild-type littermates (37), suggesting that the relationship between ghrelin and intake is not necessarily causal or absolute. In humans, ghrelin increases preprandially (8, 14, 35) followed by a postprandial decline (4), and infusions have increased energy intake by 28% (15, 42). Additionally,...

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Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells

Cited by 141 publications

References 52 publications

Bravo capsule system optimizes intragastric pH monitoring over prolonged time: Effects of ghrelin on gastric acid and hormone secretion in the rat

Bravo capsule system optimizes intragastric pH monitoring over prolonged time: Effects of ghrelin on gastric acid and hormone secretion in the rat

Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin: Three pieces of the same puzzle

Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans

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