Ghrelin restores memory impairment following olfactory bulbectomy in mice by activating hippocampal NMDA1 and MAPK1 gene expression

Bianconi, Santiago; Poretti, María Belén; Rodríguez, Paula; Maestri, Giulia; Barioglio, Susana Rubiales de; Schiöth, Helgi B.; Carlini, Valeria Paola

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113341

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…OB induces depressive-like behavior, causes memory impairment, and downregulates NMDAR. The study showed that ghrelin reversed OB’s effect on both depressive behavior and NMDAR internalization ( 30 ).…”

Section: How Can Ghrelin Affect Mood?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies on animals (rats and mice) showed that ghrelin administration exhibits antidepressant effects ( 8 , 9 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 37 ) expressed in outcomes of the forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, or elevated plus maze test. On the contrary, some researchers declared that ghrelin induced depression-like behavior in animals ( 10 , 38 , 39 ).…”

Section: How Can Ghrelin Affect Mood?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A link between ghrelin and major depressive disorder: a mini review

Lis,

Miłuch,

Majdowski

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Ghrelin is primarily responsible for regulating energy balance, as it increases appetite. However, in recent years, its new physiological functions have been discovered—it regulates lipogenesis, plays a role in the development of insulin resistance, and even acts protectively on heart muscle. Moreover, ghrelin was associated with many psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) or schizophrenia. Ghrelin levels were elevated in patients diagnosed with depression and in patients after suicide attempts. Moreover, ghrelin was connected to depression among postmenopausal women and was shown to be a predictive marker of MDD among the elderly. Ghrelin may influence mood disorders in various ways: by regulating stress response or inflammation or altering neurotransmission in the amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus, or hippocampus, brain regions previously connected to the pathophysiology of MDD. Genetic variants of ghrelin and its receptor have also been associated with depression. Moreover, ghrelin can interfere with the antidepressant’s action and may play a role in treatment resistance. This review highlights ghrelin’s role in depression, summarizes the existing knowledge on the subject, and presents ideas for further research.

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Section: How Can Ghrelin Affect Mood?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Can Ghrelin Affect Mood?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A link between ghrelin and major depressive disorder: a mini review

Lis,

Miłuch,

Majdowski

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…However, the efficacy and severe side effects of these antidepressants remain major issues to be addressed [26], and there are no therapeutic candidates shown to completely eliminate disease progression. In line with ghrelin's effects in the CNS, there is increasing evidence for an important role of ghrelin in depression [27][28][29]. The majority of research has elucidated the anti-depressive mechanisms of ghrelin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin/GHSR System in Depressive Disorder: Pathologic Roles and Therapeutic Implication

Pan,

Gao,

Guan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Depression is the most common chronic mental illness and is characterized by low mood, insomnia, and affective disorders. However, the pathological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. Numerous studies have suggested that the ghrelin/GHSR system may be involved in the pathophysiologic process of depression. Ghrelin plays a dual role in the experimental animals, increasing depressed behavior and decreasing anxiety. By combining several neuropeptides and traditional neurotransmitter systems to construct neural networks, it modifies signals connected to depression. The present review emphasizes the role of ghrelin in neuritogenesis, astrocyte protection, inflammatory factor production, and endocrine disruption in depression. Furthermore, ghrelin/GHSR can activate multiple signaling pathways to produce antidepressant effects, including cAMP/CREB/BDNF, PI3K/Akt, Jak2/STAT3, and p38-MAPK. Given the antidepressant effects of ghrelin/GHSR1a system, it is expected to become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

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