GGE Biplot projection in discriminating the efficiency of popcorn lines to use nitrogen

Abstract

Nitrogen is essential for sustaining life on the planet, and it is the most important nutrient for obtaining high agricultural production. However, their use leads to the release of nitrous oxide with a global warming potential 296 times higher than the CO 2 molecule, making it a challenge to reduce their use in agriculture. The objective of this research was to identify efficient popcorn inbred lines and responsive nitrogen use and exhibit a good expansion volume. For this, 29 inbred lines from the Germplasm Collection of Darcy Ribeiro North Fluminense State University (UENF) were evaluated at two contrasting levels of nitrogen availability (low and ideal) at two representative locations in the north and northwest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. These inbred lines were discriminated against efficient use of nitrogen by multivariate GGE Biplot. Selective accuracy was close to 1, showing that the genotypes were enough to provide contrasting success in selection procedures. The first two main components (PC) retained 93.82% of the total variation, and PC1 furnished an information ratio (IR) that was unaffected by noise. L77 was the most unstable line, while P7, P2, P6, P3, P5, P4, P9, P10, P8, P9, L70, L74, and L55 were efficient and responsive. The GGE biplot method is recommended for the reliable identification of popcorn lines that are efficient and responsive to the use of nitrogen.Index terms: Zea mays; multivariate analysis; abiotic stress; G x E interaction. RESUMOO nitrogênio é indispensável à manutenção da vida no planeta, sendo o mais importante nutriente para a obtenção de elevadas produções agrícolas. No entanto, a sua utilização ocasiona a liberação de óxido nitroso, com potencial de aquecimento global 296 vezes maior que a molécula de CO 2 , tornando-se um grande desafio a redução de seu uso na agricultura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar linhagens de milho-pipoca eficientes e responsivas no uso de nitrogênio e que apresentem um elevada capacidade de expansão. Para isto, avaliaram-se 29 linhagens da Coleção de Germoplasma da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) em dois níveis contrastantes de nitrogênio (baixo e ideal) em dois locais representativos do Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, arranjadas no delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Estas linhagens foram discriminadas em relação a eficiência no uso do nitrogênio pela técnica multivariada GGE Biplot. A acurácia seletiva foi próxima de 1, revelando que os genótipos foram suficientes contrastantes para proporcionar sucesso em procedimentos seletivos. Os dois primeiros componentes principais (CP) retiveram 93,82% da variação total, sendo que o CP1 expressou relação de informação (IR) não impactada por ruídos. L77 foi a linhagem mais instável, enquanto P7, P2, P6, P3, P5, P4, P9, P10, P8, P9, L70, L74 e L55 foram eficientes e responsivas. Recomenda-se o método GGE Biplot na identificação fidedigna de l...

Hybrid maize selection through GGE biplot analysis

“…Therefore, these genotypes were classified as the ones showing the best performance in one or more environments (Yihunie and Gesesse 2018). These genotypes could be used to identify possible macro-environments (Santos et al 2017;Yan 2001); the ones located inside the polygon were less responsive to environment stimuli (Fig. 1).…”

“…The GGE biplot analysis is efficient because it enables predicting the mean genotype yield per specific environment, as well as helps identifying the most stable genotype for the region of interest (Santos et al 2017;Yan 2014). According to Badu-Apraku et al (2012), this analysis is more versatile and flexible than other models based on simple linear regression and on segmented linear regression, as well as than non-parametric methods, because it allows better understanding the G × E interaction.…”

Evaluation of Popcorn Hybrids for Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Responsiveness

“…The tested genotypes were derived from 10 S 7 lines with contrasting NUE crossed in a complete diallel mating design with reciprocals. The lines were previously classified as inefficient and nonresponsive (INR), efficient and responsive (ER), and intermediate for N-use efficiency and N responsiveness [10].…”

“…As both mega-environments are formed by environments with low and ideal N availability, it can be inferred that these hybrids are the most efficient and responsive to N use (Figure 1). This result is particularly interesting because both hybrids are derived from crosses in which one of the parents is always efficient and responsive to N use or at least intermediate [10], i.e., to obtain N-use efficient hybrids requires the use of parents with contrasting NUE and N responsiveness.…”

Research Article Combining ability of popcorn lines for resistance to the fungus <i>Puccinia</i> <i>polysora</i> (Pucciniaceae)

“…Popcorn (Z. mays everta) is a special maize type that differs from the others in that the grains expand when heated, thus giving rise to popped corn (Sawazaki, 2001). Although it is a very popular food in Brazil, popcorn grain yields fall short of those of field maize (Santos et al, 2017). One of the reasons for this low production is the higher pest and disease susceptibility of popcorn (Kurosawa et al, 2016).…”