Getting Ready for the  COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

Park, Cyn‐Young; Kim, Kijin; Helble, Matthias; Roth, Susann

doi:10.22617/brf210071-2

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“… Vaccine Types Product Producer Recommended Temperature for Storage Freeze sensitive Heat Sensitive Source mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Pfizer-BioNTech

Very cold: −80 °C to −60 °C No Yes CDC, 2021c , ADB, 2022 , Ministry of Health, 2021 , Santos et al, 2021 and Peters (2020) mRNA Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA-1273) Moderna, Inc. • Frozen: −25 °C and −15 °C until the expiration date. •Cold: 2 °C to 8 °C lasts up to 30 days Yes (Can only be frozen once) Yes CDC, 2021c , ADB, 2022 , Ministry of Health, 2021 , Santos et al, 2021 and Peters (2020) Non-replicating viral vector Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson

Cold: 2 °C to 8 °C lasts up to 30 days Yes Yes Santos et al, 2021 , Peters, 2020 , CDC, 2021b and Yan et al (2021) Non-replicating viral vector AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca

Cold: 2 °C to 8 °C Yes Yes Ministry of Health, 2021 ...…”

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to the loss of lives and economic depreciation. One of the essential ways of handling the spread of viruses is the discovery and administration of vaccines. However, the major challenges of vaccination programs are associated with the vaccine cold chain management and cold storage facilities. This paper discusses how vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology can address the challenges of vaccination programs. Specifically, it examines different systems for preserving vaccines in either liquid or frozen form to help ensure that they are not damaged during distribution from manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, A vaccine is likely to provide very low efficacy when it is not properly stored. According to preliminary studies, the inability to store vaccine properly is partly due to the incompetency of many stakeholders, especially in technical matters. The novelty of this study is to thoroughly explore cold storage technology for a faster and more comprehensive vaccine distribution hence it is expected to be one of the reference and inspiration for stakeholders.

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“… Vaccine Types Product Producer Recommended Temperature for Storage Freeze sensitive Heat Sensitive Source mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Pfizer-BioNTech

Cold: 2 °C to 8 °C lasts up to 30 days Yes Yes Santos et al, 2021 , Peters, 2020 , CDC, 2021b and Yan et al (2021) Non-replicating viral vector AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca

Cold: 2 °C to 8 °C Yes Yes Ministry of Health, 2021 ...…”

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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“…Meanwhile, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine has been given emergency authorization in the United Kingdom, Argentina, India, and Mexico. At the end of 2020, a number of countries around the globe began the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, but there is no room for complacency, as it will take years for the global population to achieve herd immunity, especially amidst the emergence of new, more transmissible, virus strains (Park et al 2021).…”

Section: Covid-19-a Global Health Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in Developing Asia

Sawada

Sumulong

2021

SSRN Journal

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This paper summarizes unprecedented adverse health and economic impacts as well as policy responses in the Asia and Pacific region and the rest of the world generated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. By the end of 2020, over 80 million people had been infected, with developing Asia accounting for 17% of cases. As the pandemic progressed, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) carried out assessments of the impacts on the global economy as well as on the overall economies of its developing members, updating the analyses as more information became available. On the whole, five economic impact assessments were undertaken in 2020 -one each in March, April, May, June, and December. Based on the latest analysis, relative to a no-COVID-19 baseline, global losses were estimated at 5.5%-8.7% of world GDP in 2020 and 3.6%-6.3% of world GDP in 2021, with the corresponding losses for developing Asia amounting to 6.0%-9.5% of regional GDP and 3.6%-6.3% of regional GDP in 2020 and 2021, respectively. These impacts largely originate from declines in domestic demand and tourism, and from global spillovers. As a result of these losses, real GDP of the developing Asian region is estimated to have contracted by 0.4% in 2020. A partial recovery is expected in 2021, with regional growth projected at 6.8%. Further analyses were carried out to study the impacts on: micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises; employment; migration and remittances; poverty; nonperforming loans; and debt sustainability. Faced with wide-ranging unfavorable impacts, governments and multilateral lenders responded aggressively to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. Many governments provided direct income support to households and businesses to help them cope with the economic shock. Meanwhile, multilateral lenders like ADB readily provided support in terms of finance, knowledge, and partnerships. In addition, ADB launched a $9 billion vaccine facility, the Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility, in December 2020, to support its low-and middle-income member countries in the effective procurement and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. Despite the availability of vaccines, however, there is no room for complacency, as it will take years for the global population to achieve herd immunity, especially amidst the emergence of new, more transmissible, virus strains. While COVID-19 has brought about long-lasting changes to the global economy, it is up to policymakers to use this opportunity to adapt COVID-19 responses to address longer-term challenges.

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“…The online survey done before the vaccine rollout in the Philippines revealed that around 70% of the respondents would only get vaccines after many other people or politicians have been vaccinated, and about 97% were worried about fake vaccines ( Caple et al, 2022 ). Proper handling and storage, and fast distribution of COVID-19 vaccines posed logistics challenges, particularly the preparedness of cold chain infrastructure at the national and local levels ( Park et al, 2021 ; Reyes, Dee & Ho, 2021 ). Shortage of healthcare workers who can administer vaccines also hindered the expansion of the rollout ( Sales et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal selection of COVID-19 vaccination sites in the Philippines at the municipal level

Cabanilla¹,

Enriquez²,

Velasco³

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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In this work, we present an approach to determine the optimal location of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination sites at the municipal level. We assume that each municipality is subdivided into smaller administrative units, which we refer to as barangays. The proposed method solves a minimization problem arising from a facility location problem, which is formulated based on the proximity of the vaccination sites to the barangays, the number of COVID-19 cases, and the population densities of the barangays. These objectives are formulated as a single optimization problem. As an alternative decision support tool, we develop a bi-objective optimization problem that considers distance and population coverage. Lastly, we propose a dynamic optimization approach that recalculates the optimal vaccination sites to account for the changes in the population of the barangays that have completed their vaccination program. A numerical scheme that solves the optimization problems is presented and the detailed description of the algorithms, which are coded in Python and MATLAB, are uploaded to a public repository. As an illustration, we apply our method to determine the optimal location of vaccination sites in San Juan, a municipality in the province of Batangas, in the Philippines. We hope that this study may guide the local government units in coming up with strategic and accessible plans for vaccine administration.

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Getting Ready for the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

Macroeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in Developing Asia

Optimal selection of COVID-19 vaccination sites in the Philippines at the municipal level

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