Getting family planning and population back on track

Potts, Malcolm

doi:10.9745/ghsp-d-14-00012

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Renewed global interest in climate and environmental issues offers an opportunity for family planning implementers to collaborate with colleagues from other sectors to build partnerships and offer programmatic support. At the same time, global initiatives like Family Planning 2020's (FP2020) commitment to addressing women's and girls' unmet need for contraception present an opportunity for innovation in family planning as countries and implementers seek to provide an additional 120 million new users with voluntary access to family planning by 2020 (Brown et al 2014;Potts 2014). Population, health, and environment programs creatively integrate established family planning strategies, such as community-based distribution of family planning commodities, with other programs for community development, resulting in healthy, climate-resilient communities and ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Population, Health, and Environment Programs with Contraceptive Distribution in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Case Study

Gonsalves

Donovan

Ryan

et al. 2015

Studies in Family Planning

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In rural Ethiopia, environmental degradation and a shortage of arable land impose a major toll on the population. Population, health, and environment (PHE) programs, such as that of the Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association (EWNRA), have evolved to address these issues. This article examines the community-based distribution (CBD) of family planning commodities in rural Ethiopia through EWNRA's large, multisectoral PHE program. Participants indicated that the integrated program encouraged acceptance of family planning and reduced geographic barriers to access. Through peer education and collaboration across government ministries, EWNRA leveraged integrated population-environment messages to garner support for its network of CBD providers. These integration strategies are a model for PHE programs worldwide, especially amid the global response to climate change. Because of the complex nature of PHE organizations, researchers often find it difficult to effectively document and evaluate their programs. With this in mind, we propose a framework to assess PHE integration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Population, Health, and Environment Programs with Contraceptive Distribution in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Case Study

Gonsalves

Donovan

Ryan

et al. 2015

Studies in Family Planning

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“…Thus, despite advances in water technology, the degraded state of many of Earth's common pool resources have led to suggestions that the only solution may be demographic (Anderson, 2019; Campbell et al, 2013; Carmi & Tal, 2019; Crist et al, 2017; Ganivet, 2019; Potts, 2014; Ripple et al, 2017; Ripple et al, 2019; Tal, 2017; Warren, 2015; Warren, 2016; Wine, 2020). Nonetheless, the mainstream response to environmental degradation, as Earth struggles to support a growing population, remains solutions that improve efficiency in food production, consumption, and land use (Foley et al, 2011; Godfray et al, 2010; Lambin & Meyfroidt, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Water‐Limited Landscapes, an Anthropocene Exchange: Trading Lakes for Irrigated Agriculture

Wine

Laronne

2020

Earth's Future

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Lakes-quintessential features of Earth's surface prized from perspectives of water security, aquatic ecosystems, and recreation alike-are shrinking in water-limited regions of all of Earth's inhabited continents. Here we assessed Landsat-derived long-term decrease in global lake area relative to historical lake extent aiming to determine the role of recent Anthropocene levels of irrigated agriculture in the global phenomenon of lake desiccation. As of 2015, 11% (1.8 · 10 5 km 2 ) of global lake area has already been lost, primarily due to increased water consumption in support of irrigated agriculture in endorheic basins within water-limited regions. However, current levels of irrigated agriculture portend substantial additional shrinkage of global lakes before reaching new equilibria with present-day inflows, with an additional 60-130% increase in endorheic lake loss anticipated. The time required for shrinking lakes to attain new equilibria ranges from decades to centuries depending on lake hyposometry. Even a small decrease in lake area can portend lake transition from exorheic to endorheic and dramatic reductions in water quality. Thus, lake area changes severely understate the perilous condition of global lakes. The watershed area contributing to shrinking (endorheic and exorheic) lakes accounts for 18% of Earth's land area, far too large for the irrigated agriculture therein to be transferred elsewhere in order to save these lakes, though continued developments in the efficiency of water consumption in agriculture and urban areas can save significant quantities of water. This suggests that global lake shrinkage may be a harbinger signaling mankind having exceeded Earth's sustainable carrying capacity.Plain Language Summary Today, a host of processes influence the terrestrial water balance.These processes drive the observed shrinkage of lakes in water-limited regions of all inhabited continents. Typically, lake shrinkage is attributed either to climate change or unsustainable increases in human water consumption. However, while drivers of lake desiccation have been explored for individual lakes, the causes of this phenomenon have not been explored at the global scale. We therefore propose a simple conceptual model in which lake area and agricultural area are exchangeable in closed basins. We find that this simple model accurately determines the role of agriculture in loss of endorheic lakes. This model demonstrates that irrigated agriculture is the primary driver of desiccation of global lakes.

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“…Over the past half century the thesis that if women are given unfettered access to the knowledge and the technology needed to manage their fertility then average family size will fall -even in a poor and illiterate society -has gained a academic and empirical support [21,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Those emphasizing proximal determinants of fertility highlight the many tangible and intangible barriers preventing women from accessing the family planning technologies and information needed to separate frequent sex from childbearing Campbell et al [58].…”

Section: Is Contraception the Best Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why did National Leaders in India, China, and Peru Impose Coercive Family Planning Policies?

Potts

2018

JOJPH

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We suggest that all three leaders believed that they had inherited a threatening demographic situation, brought about by prior administrative incompetence or by frank hostility to family planning by religious groups. The next step, to interpret the thinking of these leaders, is open to genuine debate. The ideology and power relations of the ruling elite are important: the caste system in India, demeaning of indigenous populations in Peru, and an obsession with planning in China have helped frame decisions about coercive family planning. The record seems to show that the three leaders began with a genuine desire to lift their citizens out of poverty and to have thought deeply about how to do achieve this goal. We will use public statements made at the time, together with observations about the intellectual frameworks in which these decisions were made, to learn from the history of coercive family planning.

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Getting family planning and population back on track

Abstract: After a generation of partial neglect, renewed attention is being paid to population and voluntary family planning. Realistic access to family planning is a prerequisite for women's autonomy. For the individual, family, society, and our fragile planet, family planning has great power.

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Integrating Population, Health, and Environment Programs with Contraceptive Distribution in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Case Study

Integrating Population, Health, and Environment Programs with Contraceptive Distribution in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Case Study

In Water‐Limited Landscapes, an Anthropocene Exchange: Trading Lakes for Irrigated Agriculture

Why did National Leaders in India, China, and Peru Impose Coercive Family Planning Policies?

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