In rural Ethiopia, environmental degradation and a shortage of arable land impose a major toll on the population. Population, health, and environment (PHE) programs, such as that of the Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association (EWNRA), have evolved to address these issues. This article examines the community-based distribution (CBD) of family planning commodities in rural Ethiopia through EWNRA's large, multisectoral PHE program. Participants indicated that the integrated program encouraged acceptance of family planning and reduced geographic barriers to access. Through peer education and collaboration across government ministries, EWNRA leveraged integrated population-environment messages to garner support for its network of CBD providers. These integration strategies are a model for PHE programs worldwide, especially amid the global response to climate change. Because of the complex nature of PHE organizations, researchers often find it difficult to effectively document and evaluate their programs. With this in mind, we propose a framework to assess PHE integration.
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who live in homes in which the primary language is different than the predominant language in their community need to be able to engage in listener skills in both languages in order to be successful across environments (e.g., school vs. home). Instructional strategies that promote effective acquisition of maximum skills with minimal training are optimal for bilingual children with ASD. The present study evaluated whether teaching listener skills in English while providing instructive feedback in Spanish to three boys with ASD would result in participants displaying the listener skill when presented with the Spanish discriminative stimulus. Participants displayed various levels of transfer from English to Spanish listener responses, with a total of 12 out of the 18 possible transfer targets displayed without direct instruction.
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