Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Still a Great Problem

Abstract

The present study was designed to find the importance of proper screening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/ descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: from September 2014 to November 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant females between the ages of 20-40 years & in their 24th to 28th week of gestation were enrolled for the study. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of 10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. The blood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels. Results: Most of the participants were below 26 years of age 47(27.9%) with the mean age of 30.2±5.83 years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years (36%). Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDM were multipara (40%) followed by parity of 3-4 gravida (32%). Twenty seven women (16%) women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 (44.4%) women were found with GDM, compared to 15/141 (10.6%) who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total 14 (8.33%) women were found obese, out of these 8 (57%) women had GDM while only 6 (42.8%) women had no GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study is found to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females who were overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus.

Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus using DIPSI criteria, a study from Pakistan

“…Conflicting results are available from within Pakistan showing a varied prevalence ranging from as high as 26% in Peshawar,4.2% and 8% in Karachi, < 1% in primigravida females from Lahore, 22% in Balochistan, 14% in Bahawalpur and 14.8% in Hyderabad. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] This wide variation resulted from the selection of patients and criteria used for diagnosing GDM which resulted in further confusion.…”

Diagnostic Accuracy of First Trimester Hyperuricemia for Prediction of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…We used prevalence of GDM in the Pakistan as 14.8%. (3) Inclusion criteria for women was all pregnant women aged 18-35 years came for their antenatal checkup in first trimester (gestational age<13 weeks, will be assessed on USG) will be taken in this study. Following women were excluded from the study patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus, (will be assessed on clinical record), history of hypertension (BP > 120/80), history of connective tissue disorders (will be assessed on available medical record) and females on medications causing hyperuricemia (eg, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, levodopa and theophylline).…”

Histopathological Grading and Enzyme Histochemical Study of the Placenta in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnant Women

“…Also, the imbalances in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy lead to many complications for the mother 25. While the serum cholesterol level is found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in the mean of GDM pregnancy when compared with that of a healthy pregnancy. Table (2) showed the mean of GDM pregnancy to be (224.50±7.68 mg/dl), while in a healthy pregnancy is (184.80±4.34 mg/dl). The increase of total cholesterol level in the serum of women with GDM in the current study supports the results study of Quinlivan and Lam 26 , and its rise can be attributed to the occurrence of a disorder of fat metabolism ((Dyslipidemia) as a result of the disease 27 .…”

“…It is a medical complication that affects about 3-10% of pregnant women, and it appears more in women with a family history of the disease. 2 Diabetes occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy 3 , but most of it occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, as the mother is likely to develop diabetes after childbirth, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus 4 . The causes of GDM in some women are not known in a specific way, but there are contributing factors in the occurrence of the disease, including the interference of the hormones required by the fetus's growth that is an obstacle to the work of insulin 5 , and that weight gain may lead to increased insulin resistance and insulin resistance will deprive the fetus of the benefit of the effect of insulin product 6 .…”