Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: New Diagnostic Criteria

Abstract

Gestational mellitus diabetes (GDM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder among pregnant women nowadays. It is defined as any level of glucose intolerance, appearing or first being recognized during pregnancy. It is essential to diagnose and treat GDM early, in order to reduce or avoid complications for mother and fetus. Recently, new guidelines have changed the diagnosis criteria, and it is expected that the prevalence of GDM will increase by approximately 18%. A relevant goal of these new definitions is to provide a better care for pregnant women, in an attempt to reduce fetal and maternal complications. These new criteria will also increase the impact on costs of the health care system. Treatment must be individualized for best results, including a specific diet, physical activity and the use of medications. Metformin and Insulin use are analyzed in detail, in face of new evidences regarding their safety and efficacy during pregnancy.

Histological Study of Human Umbilical Cord in Diabetic Pregnant Females

“…The umbilical cord provides communication between the placenta and the fetus and allows gas and nutrient exchange [24] . Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance starting with pregnancy or noticed during pregnancy [11] .…”

“…The prevalence of GDM is debatable, because it is variable worldwide, depending on the population, human race and the diagnostic criteria defined by each country [10] . It is believed that this prevalence will increase because of the growth of risk factors including advanced maternal age, obesity and lifestyle [11] , also females using corticosteroid medication [12] or pregnant having gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy or pre diabetics are considered also as high risk groups [13] .…”

“…Complications related to the GDM affect both maternal and fetal health and thereafter child health. Women who have had GDM have a significant higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus [11] . Cardiovascular complications include chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and, rarely, atherosclerotic heart disease [16] .…”

Influence of MiRNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus development

“…Currently, an increase in the incidence of GDM is being noted, especially in developed countries. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that almost one in six births are affected by GDM [3,4].…”

Mathematical Model Applied to Monitoring the Glucose-Insulin Interaction inside the Body of Diabetes Patients

“…Mathematical modelling is basically referred to as a method of simulating real-life situations with mathematical equations to forecast their future behaviour. Numerous mathematical models have been developed to identify the characteristics of glucose-insulin regulation inside the human body [2] [11] [12]. Many researchers have used mathematical models to understand and predict the behaviour of biological systems.…”