Influence of MiRNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus development

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder that is considered a prediabetes state. According to the International Diabetes Federation every year an increase in the number of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes is being noticed. It is known that GDM can cause many complications during pregnancy and labor. What is more, women with GDM history and their offspring are at risk of developing diabetes in the future. A new factor in the pathogenesis of GDM is epigenetics, which is described as changes in gene expression without directly modifying the DNA sequence. One of its regulating mechanisms is based on microRNA (miRNA). A small non-coding RNA sequence that has an influence on protein formation by suppressing gene expression. A better understanding of the miRNA's function could potentially lead to their usage as potential new biomarkers or treatment targets. In this article we review the most significant miRNA molecules in gestational diabetes.

MicroRNA Associations with Preterm Labor—A Systematic Review

“…Jin et al highlighted the role of miRNAs in compromised pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus, offering potential therapeutic avenues [11]. Juchnicka and Kuzmicki emphasized significant miRNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus, highlighting their relevance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in understanding the epigenetic regulation of GDM [12].…”

Are miR‐26a and miR‐26b microRNAs potent prognostic markers of gestational diabetes?

“…Based on real‐time PCR and ROC curve analyses, we can introduce miR‐26a as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of GDM. In studies conducted on the expression of miRNAs as biomarkers in gestational diabetes, miR‐195‐5P, 57 miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐16‐5p, and miR‐17‐5p, 58 , 59 showed significant overexpression. Also, the expression of miR‐33a‐5p was increased in pregnant women with diabetes.…”