Gestational Age and its Relationship with Elbow Width, Wrist Width and Forearm Length

Abstract

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Fe tal de ve lop ment has been a sub ject of gre at in te rest from ear li est ti mes to the pre sent day and can to day ea sily be analy zed using ul tra so und (US) and si mi lar de vi ces. The lengths or di a me ters of va ri o us fe tal struc tu res are me a su red, and in tra u te ri ne age and de ve lopment can thus be mo ni to red. Our study in ves ti ga tes the va lu e of a se ri es of lengths me a su red in the up per ex tre mity in the mo ni to ring of in tra u te ri ne age and de ve lop ment. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : We me a su red the fo re arm length, hand length, wrist width and el bow widths of 21 fe tu ses (seven ma les, 14 fe ma les) es ti ma ted at 17.0-35.8 we eks in tra u te ri ne age ac cor ding to fo ot length and with no vi sib le ab nor ma li ti es. The se we re com pa red to each other and analyzed with respect to gen der. Me a su re ments we re ta ken using di vi ders and a ver ni er di gi tal ca li per. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : No differences were de ter mi ned between the groups statistically for the parameters measured and when they were compared for gender. El bow and wrist widths and hand, fo re arm and fo ot lengths ob ta i ned from fe tuses and the ra ti os of some of the se me a su re ments de mons tra ted con si de rab le cor re la ti on (si mi la rity) with me a su re ments and pro por ti ons on the op po si te si de of the body and with in tra u te ri ne age. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : Me a su rab le wrist and el bow widths and fo re arm, hand and fo ot length in who le or frag men ted fe tu ses we re de ter mi ned to be in di vi du ally va lu ab le in di ag no sing ges ta ti o nal age. It was al so conc lu ded that el bow and wrist width to fo re arm length ra ti os on the sa me si de we re important in mo ni to ring in tra u te ri ne ex tre mity de ve lop ment.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Ges ta ti o nal age; fe tal de ve lop ment; fo re arm; hand; wrist; el bow Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : İlk za man lar dan gü nü mü ze me rak uyan dı ran fe tal ge li şim bu gün ul tra so nog ra fi (US) ve ben ze ri ci haz la rın sağ la mış ol du ğu ola nak lar la ra hat lık la de ğer len di ri le bil mek te dir. Bu nun için bir ta kım fe tal ya pı la rın uzun luk la rı ya da çev re le ri öl çül mek te dir. Böy le ce in tra u te rin yaş ve ge lişim ta kip edi le bil mek te dir. Ça lış ma mız da üst ex tre mi te de öl çü len bir ta kım uzun luk la rın in tra ute rin yaş ve ge li şi min ta ki bin de ki de ğe ri sor gu lan dı. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : İntra u te rin yaş la rı ayak uzun luk la rı na gö re 17.9-35.8 haf ta lar ile iliş ki len di ri len 21 adet (yedi er kek, 14 ka dın) gö rü nür anoma li si ola ma yan fe tu sun; ön kol uzun lu ğu, el uzun lu ğu, el bi le ği ge niş li ği ve dir sek ge niş li ği öl çül -dü. Top lam da ve cin si yet ay rı mı ya pı la rak bir bir le ri ile kar şı laş tı rıl dı lar. Öl çüm ler açı öl çer ve ver ni er di ji tal ...

Radiological Investigation and Clinical Evaluation of the Morphometric Development of the Forearm in Human Fetuses

“…On the other hand, as the result of the study conducted by Uluutku et al on 21 fetuses involving 17-35.8 gestational weeks, the total width of the right wrist is said to be 15.25 mm, whereas the total width of the left wrist is said to be 15.27 mm; on the other hand, the total width of the right elbow is stated to be 18.85 mm, while the total width of the left elbow is stated to be 18.87 mm. Separately, just as the result seen in our study, it is reported in each of these three studies that there is no difference between sexs, nor between right-left parts of the forearm (Malas et al, 2000;Uluutku et al). There are differences between the results of our study and those of the other studies in terms of the mean values pertaining to the parametric measurements.…”

“…When we reviewed the former studies as regards fetal forearm development, we did not come across any study that investigated the development of the forearm during the fetal period through radiological methods. The studies in this matter were conducted on dead fetuses and were concerned with the morphometric measurements of upper and lower limbs on dead fetuses (Malas et al, 2000;Malas et al, 2005;Uluutku et al). Separately, they involved ultrasonographic studies regarding the measurements of limb that were performed during the fetal period (Huang et al; Chen et al; Song & Wang).…”

“…This is the period of time during which the fetus grows rapidly and the organs are formed (Sadler, 1990;Collins, 1995;Malas et al, 2000). The prenatal and postnatal analyses of the fetal structure provide information as to fetal growth, growth retardation, gestational age and congenital malformations (Taeusch, 1991;Malas et al, 2000;Uluutku et al, 2010;Malas et al, 2005).…”

“…Those that were conducted were rather clinical and morphometric studies regarding the prenatal diagnosis of limb anomalies through ultrasonography during the fetal period (Jacquemyn et al, 2000;Chen et al;Witters et al;Song & Wang). Apart from these, there were morphometric studies conducted on dead fetuses in regard to arm, forearm and hand length, and elbow and wrist width (Malas et al, 2000;Uluutku et al). Besides, there was another radiological study conducted by Kumar et al (2010) on adult ulna.…”