Gestation linked radical oxygen species fluxes and vitamins and trace mineral deficiencies in the ruminant

Abstract

-In mammals, radical oxygen species (ROS) are essential factors of cell replication, differentiation and growth (oxidative signal), notably during gestation, but are also potentially damaging agents. In Women, ROS play a role in remodeling of uterine tissues, implantation of the embryo, settlement of the villi and development of blood vessels characteristic of gestation. The body stores of vitamins and minerals of gestating females are used to keep ROS fluxes at a level corresponding to oxidative signals and to prevent an imbalance between their production and scavenging (oxidative stress), which would be detrimental to the mother and fetus. There is some evidence that, although based on different regulatory mechanisms, most of the effects of ROS reported in humans also occur in pregnant ruminant females, some of which have been actually reported. Many vitamins and trace elements have dual effects in the organism of mammals: (a) they are involved in the control of metabolic pathways or/and gene expression, (b) but most of the time they also display ROS trapping activity or their deficiencies induce high rates of ROS production. Deficiencies induce different disorders of gestation and can be induced by different kinds of stress. An example is given, corresponding to the decreased contents of cobalt of forages, when exposed to sustained heavy rains, so that the supply of vitamins B12 to the organism of the ruminant that grazes them is reduced and failure of gestation is induced. Outdoor exposure of ruminants to adverse climatic conditions by itself can increase the vitamin and trace element requirements. Adaptation of production systems taking into account these interactions between gestation and sources of stress or change of the quality of feeding stuffs as well as further developments of knowledge in that field is necessary to promote sustainable agricultural practices.gestation / ovine / bovine / vitamins / trace elements / antioxidant enzymes / radical oxygen species / radical phenomena

Family with Sequence Similarity 213, Member A is Associated with the Fertility Selection Index in Holsteins

“…In the uterus, the establishment of a maternal-fetal connection is associated with an increase in ROS [18]. Although ruminants have different types of placentation relative to humans or mice, ROS fluxes occur before implantation in all of these mammals [19]. Increases of ROS production by peripheral bovine lymphocytes have been reported as pregnancy progresses [20].…”

Testosteron Antikoru ile Pasif İmmunizasyon ve A-E Vitamini Kombinasyonu Uygulanmış Tuj Koyunlarında Döl Verimi, Glutatyon ve Lipid Peroksidasyonda Meydana Gelen Değişikler

“…Oxidative stress via the release of ROS, and lipid peroxidation, would be highly detrimental to the viability of both the mother and foetus. Stores of KAMİLOĞLU, KAÇAR, GÜVEN, YILDIZ KURU, KAYA, EROĞLU, KOÇ vitamins and minerals in gestating females protect the mother and foetus from ROS fluxes and lipid peroxidation, which is essential to create an imbalance between ROS production and scavenging activity [11,27] . A study indicated that higher levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities or total antioxidant power (TAP) and lower levels of oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the endometrial secretions were associated with successful in vitro fertilization outcome [28] .…”

“…Collectively, these findings support the need for vitamin supplementation during mating and pregnancy to protect both the mother and offspring from the deleterious effects of lipid peroxidation and to maintain a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, researchers offer many programs for nutrition and reproduction support to enhance reproductive performance, on the basis that increased nutritional requirements can support foetal growth and development, as well as improve ROS trapping and antioxidant levels [3,11,22,30] . The present research investigated the application of vitamins and E alone, or in combination with AnT, upon lipid peroxidation and GSH activity, when the quality of the pasture deteriorated during times of short day length.…”

“…Recent research [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] has aimed, first, to develop reproductive technologies to produce high-yielding lambs in large numbers and, second, to create supplementation strategies to protect sheep and embryos from oxidative damage by free radicals. If the antioxidant system is impaired, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can initiate lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to cell death [9] .…”

“…Therefore, excessive oxidative stress during the mating and gestation periods of sheep can be controlled by the administration of antioxidants [10] . Within the prepartum period, the administration of vitamin A and E, scavengers of free radicals, can protect oocytes and embryos from oxidative damage during gestation [11][12][13][14] . Furthermore, levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, can be elevated via the combined administration of vitamin A and E, leading to reduced levels of lipid peroxidation and ROS generation in oviductal and follicular fluid [13,15,16] .…”