Gestão Estratégica Do Conhecimento No Contexto Organizacional Brasileiro: Proposta De Mapeamento Conceitual

Abstract

Este artigo apresenta-se como uma tentativa de demarcação conceitual da temática conhecida como gestão do conhecimento (GC). Longe de almejar propor uma solução definitiva ou um modelo acabado, espera-se contribuir para um melhor entendimento da área. Propõe-se um mapeamento conceitual integrativo adaptado daquele originalmente proposto por CHOO (1998), o qual se associa à idéia de contexto capacitante e às várias abordagens e ferramentas gerenciaismetaforicamente denominadas de "guarda chuva conceitual da GC". Essas abordagens e ferramentas, interligadas, contribuem para a construção de um marco teórico-conceitual abrangente que se apresenta como um ponto de partida para um melhor entendimento da GC. Para a consecução de tal fim, relatar-se-ão estudos de casos realizados em três organizações atuantes no Brasil. As conclusões sugerem que não se gerencia o conhecimento, apenas se promove ou se estimula o conhecimento através da criação de um contexto organizacional favorável.

Expanding the concept of Ba: managing enabling contexts in knowledge organizations

“…This group of enabling condition also considered businesses processes where the concept of ba was actually applied in different researches. Here is a summary of our findings that can be useful guidelines for the management of enabling contexts in knowledge organizations: organizational culture: a critical issue to facilitate knowledge creation, a central issue to be shaped in a firm's ability to manage its knowledge more effectively and the most prominent enabler (Inkpen, 1996;Perez Bustamante, 1999;Gold et al, 2001;Lee and Choi, 2002;Roth, 2003;Alvarenga Neto, 2005;Adenfelt andLagerstrom, 2006 von Krogh et al, 2008;); organizational structure: involves organizational structure that foster solid relationships and effective collaboration, such as project teams, cross-divisional units and empowered divisions, among others (von Krogh et al, 2000;Lee and Choi, 2003); systems-based approach, hypertext organization (Gold et al, 2001, Nonaka et al, 2006; autonomous and self-organizing teams (Peltokorpi et al, 2007); organizational and inter-organizational processes: involves the application or studies/research of the concept of ba into business processes such as the management of salesforces (Bennet, 2001), ex ante project risk (Cuellar and Gallivan, 2005), supply-chain (Wu, 2008), inter-organizational healthcare communities (von Krogh et al, 2008), firms in networks (Lechner and Dowling, 2003), transnational projects (Adenfelt and Lagerstrom, 2006), family business context (Brannback,et al, 2008), industrial districts (Corno et al, 1999) and collaborative inter-organizational R&D projects (Johnson, 2000); Human Resources Management and organizational learning initiatives/projects: regards reward systems linked to knowledge-sharing (von Krogh et al, 2008) and the existence of flexible learning objectives (Inkpen, 1996); the cultivation of care through incentive systems, mentoring and training programs in care based behavior, project debriefing and other forms of learning-oriented conversations …”

“…care, mutual trust, lenience in judgment, active empathy, courage and access to help (Inkpen, 1996;von Krogh, 1998;Burton, 2002;Lee and Choi, 2003;von Krogh et al, 2008); tolerance to "honest" mistakes and mutual respect (Alvarenga Neto, 2005); actively encouragement of participation, nurture of innovating language while avoiding hypercorrection (von Krogh et al, 2000); accessibility of individuals and attentive inquiry (Nonaka and Nishiguch, 2001); interaction and open dialogue (Gold et al, 2001;Sabherwal and Becerra-Fernandes, 2003), collaboration (Lee and Choi, 2003); autonomy of freedom (Ford and Angermeir, 2005); contextual social interactions and evolving relationships (Peltokorpi et al, 2007).…”

“…It's important to bear in mind that IT is only an enabler and not an end in itself. Here's a summary of tools, systems and applications cited in our analysis along with a few suggestions on the way they can be effectively applied: internet, intranet, yellow pages, business information systems, groupware, databases, datawarehousing, datamining, document repositories, software agents, repositories of information, best practices and lessons learned (von Krogh et al, 1997(von Krogh et al, ,2000Alavi and Leidner, 2001;Sabherwal and Becerra-Fernandez 2003;Chou and Wang, 2003;Lee and Choi, 2003); information systems designed to support collaboration, coordination and communication processes as a mean to facilitate teamwork and increase an individual's contacts with other individuals (Alavi and Leidner, 2001); e-mails and group support system in order to to increase the number of weak ties in organizations (Alavi and Leidner, 2001;Chou and Wang, 2003); computer simulation and smart software tutors to support individual learning in intranet environments (Alavi and Leidner, 2001;Tee, 2005); computer-mediated communication as a way to increase the quality of knowledge creation by enabling a forum for constructing and sharing beliefs, for confirming consensual information and for allowing expressing of new ideas (Alavi and Leidner, 2001); problem-solving systems based on a technology like casebased reasoning (Sabherwal and Becerra-Fernandez, 2003); virtual communities of practice (Pam and Leidner, 2003;Alvarenga Neto, 2005).…”

“…While ba is theoretically relevant, it is also empirically under-explored." (Nonaka et al, 2006) Of special relevance to this paper is a set of studies conducted by one of the authors -Alvarenga Neto (2005, 2008 and Alvarenga Neto et al (2009) -as the concepts of ba, enabling context and enabling conditions turned out to be one of the main results of his studies. This author proposed a KM integrative conceptual mapping proposition as a result of his research of multiple case studies in world class organization within the past decade.…”

Gestão do conhecimento estratégico estudo dos subfatores sistêmicos aplicados à ECT

“…Alvarenga Neto (2008) descreve que a GC consolidou-se como uma grande área guarda-chuva que incorpora conceitos da Ciência da Informação, Administração e Ciência da Computação. Envolve atividades como a gestão de documentos, mapeamento de competências, compartilhamento do conhecimento, mapeamento de processos, construção de sentidos, criação de conhecimento, tomada de decisão.…”