Germination of <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (Barnyard Grass) Seeds under Anaerobic Conditions

Kennedy, Robert A.; Rumpho, Mary E.; Vanderzee, Delma

doi:10.1104/pp.72.3.787

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Reduction of an alternate electron acceptor, such as nitrate (6) or organic acids (5,8), could permit electron transport in the absence of 02. In support of this hypothesis, we have found that nitrate reserves are depleted in oryzicola seeds during germination (13). Once germinated, the ability to rapidly shift from an anaerobic mode to an aerobic one may be an important metabolic feature during early establishment of this flood tolerant species.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…In previous studies, we noticed that, unlike rice, germination of oryzicola is inhibited by cyanide and azide (13). In addition, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates are produced and acetate is readily metabolized under anaerobic conditions (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While fermentative metabolism is an important feature of anaerobic metabolism in oryzicola, other metabolic characteristics such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (13,18,19) and lipid metabolism (4,14,19,24) appear to play equally important roles. Mitochondrial electron transport may so be an important metabolic consideration not only during anoxia, but also during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activities of Isolated Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Enzymes from Aerobically and Anaerobically Germinated Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa) Seedlings

Kennedy

Fox²,

Siedow³

1987

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACrActivity of mitochondria isolated from whole seedlings of Echinlochca cra-gaii (L.) Beauv. var oryzicola ge ted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 5 to 7 days was investigated. Mitochondria (4,14,19,24) appear to play equally important roles. Mitochondrial electron transport may so be an important metabolic consideration not only during anoxia, but also during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Reduction of an alternate electron acceptor, such as nitrate (6) or organic acids (5, 8), could permit electron transport in the absence of 02. In support of this hypothesis, we have found that nitrate reserves are depleted in oryzicola seeds during germination (13). Once germinated, the ability to rapidly shift from an anaerobic mode to an aerobic one may be an important metabolic feature during early establishment of this flood tolerant species.In previous studies, we noticed that, unlike rice, germination of oryzicola is inhibited by cyanide and azide (13). In addition, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates are produced and acetate is readily metabolized under anaerobic conditions (19). Finally, unlike reports for other flood tolerant species (16,23,24,26), mitochondrial ultrastructure in seedlings germinated under N2 were indistinguishable from those grown in air (1 1

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confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activities of Isolated Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Enzymes from Aerobically and Anaerobically Germinated Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa) Seedlings

Kennedy

Fox²,

Siedow³

1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…Vol. 101, 19931983b, glycolysis (Rumpho and Kennedy, 1983a;Kennedy et al, 1987b), the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (Kennedy et al, 1983;Rumpho and Kennedy, 1983a), lipid metabolism (VanderZee and Kennedy, 1982;Knowles and Kennedy, 1984;Everard and Kennedy, 1985), and mitochondrial activity (Kennedy et al, 1987a;Fox and Kennedy, 1991) operate under anaerobic conditions. Recently, we (Fox and Kennedy, 1991) reported that a complete TCA cycle was present in E. phyllopogon under anoxia and that most TCA cycle enzymes in nitrogen-grown seedlings exhibited in vitro activities comparable to those grown in air.…”

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confidence: 99%

Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

et al. 1993

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Anaerobic stress resulted in a change i n the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several Echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and Oryza safiva (1.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. O f the six Echinochloa species investigated, E. phyllopogon (Stev.) KOSS, E. muricafa (Beauv.) Fern, E. oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch Clayton, and E. crus-galli (1.) Beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate i n the absence of oxygen, as does rice.In contrast, E. crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult and F. colonum (1.) Link are intolerant and do not germinate without oxygen. Computer analysis of the protein patterns from the four tolerant species and rice indicated that the anaerobic response is of five classes: class 1 proteins, enhanced under anaerobiosis (9 to 13 polypeptides ranging from 16-68 kD); class 2 proteins, unique to anaerobiosis (1 to 5 polypeptides ranging from 17-69 kD); class 3 proteins, remained constant under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis; class 4 proteins, prominent only i n air and repressed under anoxia (3 to 7 polypeptides ranging from 19-45 kD); and class 5 proteins, unique to aerobiosis (1 to 4 polypeptides ranging from 18-63 kD). In the intolerant species, E. colonum and E. crus-pavonis, no polypeptides were enhanced or repressed under anoxia (class 1 and class 4, respectively), whereas in the tolerant Ecbinochloa species and rice, a total of at least 9 to 13 anaerobic stress proteins and 4 to 7 "aerobic" proteins were noted. lmmunoblotting identified two of the major anaerobic stress proteins as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and pyruvate decarboxylase. Based on the differential response of the intolerant species to anaerobiosis, we suggest that another set of genes, whose products may not necessarily be among the major anaerobic stress polypeptides, might confer tolerance in Echinochloa under prolonged anaerobic stress.

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“…Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. is a grass weed that can germinate and grow for extended periods of time in an anaerobic environment (Kennedy et al 1983) which is ecologically similar to rice. Being a highly competitive weed with rice, it can reduce rice yield up to 100% (Nyarko & Datta 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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Abstract:Previous studies have shown that the Caryota urens seed pericarp possesses botanicals capable of inhibiting seed germination. Extracts made from C. urens pericarp were tested at different concentrations to find out its inhibitory activity. Three rice varieties (Bg 305, Bg 358, Bg 368) and the rice weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ischaemum rugosum and Ipomoea aquatica) were tested. Percentage germination was measured for 7 days at 2 day intervals. The methanol extract of dried seed pericarp significantly reduced the seed germination, indicating that the concentration of the inhibitory substance/s in C. urens pericarp is higher in methanol extracts than the water extracts. Dried seed pericarp showed the highest inhibitory effect on the seed germination. The germination of all rice cultivars and weed species tested were completely inhibited by 100 and 200 mg.ml -1 concentrations, suggesting that the C. urens seed pericarp has a seed germination inhibitory effect on all weeds tested. In general, the germination inhibitory effects were maximal at high concentrations than at lower concentrations. Potential for using C. urens pericarp for weed control is highlighted.

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Germination of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) Seeds under Anaerobic Conditions

Abstract: (18)(19)(20). This paper presents information on the respiration and response to respiratory inhibitors of anaerobically grown Echinochloa seedlings.

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Activities of Isolated Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Enzymes from Aerobically and Anaerobically Germinated Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa) Seedlings

Activities of Isolated Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Enzymes from Aerobically and Anaerobically Germinated Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa) Seedlings

Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

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