Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

Abstract

Anaerobic stress resulted in a change i n the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several Echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and Oryza safiva (1.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. O f the six Echinochloa species investigated, E. phyllopogon (Stev.) KOSS, E. muricafa (Beauv.) Fern, E. oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch Clayton, and E. crus-galli (1.) Beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate i n the absence of oxygen, as does rice.In contrast, E. crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult and F. colonum (1.) Link are intolerant and do not germinate without oxygen. Computer analysis of the protein patterns from the four tolerant species and rice indicated that the anaerobic response is of five classes: class 1 proteins, enhanced under anaerobiosis (9 to 13 polypeptides ranging from 16-68 kD); class 2 proteins, unique to anaerobiosis (1 to 5 polypeptides ranging from 17-69 kD); class 3 proteins, remained constant under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis; class 4 proteins, prominent only i n air and repressed under anoxia (3 to 7 polypeptides ranging from 19-45 kD); and class 5 proteins, unique to aerobiosis (1 to 4 polypeptides ranging from 18-63 kD). In the intolerant species, E. colonum and E. crus-pavonis, no polypeptides were enhanced or repressed under anoxia (class 1 and class 4, respectively), whereas in the tolerant Ecbinochloa species and rice, a total of at least 9 to 13 anaerobic stress proteins and 4 to 7 "aerobic" proteins were noted. lmmunoblotting identified two of the major anaerobic stress proteins as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and pyruvate decarboxylase. Based on the differential response of the intolerant species to anaerobiosis, we suggest that another set of genes, whose products may not necessarily be among the major anaerobic stress polypeptides, might confer tolerance in Echinochloa under prolonged anaerobic stress.

The Role of Sugars, Hexokinase, and Sucrose Synthase in the Determination of Hypoxically Induced Tolerance to Anoxia in Tomato Roots

“…This shift in the pattern of protein synthesis has been observed in the roots of both monocotyledons (maize, Sachs et al [1980]; rice, Bertani et al [1981] and Mocquot et al [1981]; Echinochloa, Mujer et al [1993]) and dicotyledons (Arabidopsis, Dolferus et al [ 19851;soybean, Russell et al [1990]). The anaerobic protein profile of soybean is the simplest.…”

Differential responses of aquatic and aerobic forms of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and E. colona (L.) Link. by morpho-physiological and molecular analysis

“…Anaerobic stress proteins have been characterized as glycolytic enzymes like alcohol dehydrogenase (Xie and Wu, 1989). It was reported that water-logging -intolerant Echinochloa species did not produce anaerobic proteins (Mujer et al 1993). Rivoal et al (1997) reported that ADH gene and other fermentative genes were induced by hypoxia and water-logging.…”

Effects of Anoxia on Amino Acid Levels in Rice Coleoptiles

“…Rice coleoptiles survived more than 21 day under complete oxygen deprivation and their metabolic activity was high enough to allow RNA and protein synthesis (Cobb and Kennedy, 1987;Mujer et al, 1993;Umeda and Uchimiya, 1994). The tolerance of rice coleoptiles to oxygen defi ciency is related to the ability to maintain glycolytic activity leading to ATP production (Guglielminetti et al, 1995;Perata et al, 1997;Gibbs et al, 2000;Rahman et al, 2001).…”