Ability of metabolic adaptation in upland and lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings to flooding stress was compared. Flooding stress increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and ethanol concentration in shoots and roots of the upland and lowland rice seedlings. The difference in ADH activity and ethanol concentration in shoots between the upland and lowland rice was not apparent. However, both ADH activity and ethanol concentration in roots of the lowland rice were 2-fold greater than those in roots of the upland rice, suggesting that flooding-induction of ethanolic fermentation in lowland rice roots may be significantly greater than that in the upland rice roots. Since flooding often causes the anaerobic conditions in rooting zone than aerial part of plants and ethanolic fermentatioh is essential to survive in the anaerobic conditions, the ability of metabolic adaptation in lowland rice seedlings to flooding stress may be greater than that in upland rice seedlings.List of abbreviations: ADH = alcohol dehydrogenase, DTT = dithiothreitol, NAD = g-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH = g-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form, Tris = tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.
Effects of anoxia on the levels of free-amino acids were investigated in the coleoptiles of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Rice coleoptiles are able to grow in extremely low oxygen condition. Anoxic stress increased the concentration of total free-amino acids in the coleoptiles. After 48 h, alanine (Ala) and y-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) in anoxic coleoptiles were 2.7-and 10.6-fold greater than those in non-stressed coleoptiles, respectively. Ala and Gaba represented 40% of the amino acid pool in anoxic coleoptiles. These anoxic-induced amino acids may allow rice coleoptiles to make biochemical adjustment that enable them to cope with the stress condition.
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