Germination and Early Growth of Grasses in Controlled Conditions

Juhren, Marcella; Hiesey, Wm. M.; Went, F. W.

doi:10.2307/1930896

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This shift was accompanied by a decrease in host quality for AMF, because root colonization was much lower in bulbous bluegrass, a short‐lived perennial with a fibrous shallow root system that grows and senesces early in the season (Juhren et al. , Kartesz ), compared with spotted knapweed (Fig. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbicide application did not eliminate host plants in the field but shifted the plant community from spotted knapweed to bulbous bluegrass dominance. This shift was accompanied by a decrease in host quality for AMF, because root colonization was much lower in bulbous bluegrass, a short-lived perennial with a fibrous shallow root system that grows and senesces early in the season (Juhren et al 1953, Kartesz 1988), compared with spotted knapweed (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Picloram Effects Are Indirect and Mediated By Shifts In Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong indirect herbicide effects on mycorrhizal associations through plant community shifts and secondary invasions

Lekberg

Wagner

Rummel

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Million of acres of U.S. wildlands are sprayed with herbicides to control invasive species, but relatively little is known about non-target effects of herbicide use. We combined greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments involving the invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and native bunchgrasses to assess direct and indirect effects of the forb-specific herbicide picloram on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil fungi that colonize most plants. Picloram had no effect on bunchgrass viability and their associated AMF in the greenhouse, but killed spotted knapweed and reduced AMF colonization of a subsequent host grown. Results were similar in the field where AMF abundance in bunchgrass-dominated plots was unaffected by herbicides one year after spraying based on 16:1ω5 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) concentrations. In spotted-knapweed-dominated plots, however, picloram application shifted dominance from spotted knapweed, a good AMF host, to bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), a poor AMF host. This coincided with a 63% reduction in soil 16:1ω5 NLFA concentrations but no reduction of 16:1ω5 PLFA. Because 16:1ω5 NLFA quantifies AMF storage lipids and 16:1ω5 PLFA occurs in AMF membrane lipids, we speculate that the herbicide-mediated reduction in host quality reduced fungal carbon storage, but not necessarily fungal abundance after one year in the field. Overall, in greenhouse and field experiments, AMF were only affected when picloram altered host quantity and quality. This apparent lack of direct effect was supported by our in-vitro trial where picloram applied to AMF mycelia did not reduce fungal biomass and viability. We show that the herbicide picloram can have profound, indirect effects on AMF within one year. Depending on herbicide-mediated shifts in host quality, rapid interventions may be necessary post herbicide applications to prevent loss of AMF abundance. Future research should assess consequences of these potential shifts for the restoration of native plants that differ in mycorrhizal dependency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Picloram Effects Are Indirect and Mediated By Shifts In Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong indirect herbicide effects on mycorrhizal associations through plant community shifts and secondary invasions

Lekberg

Wagner

Rummel

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The previous paper in this series (6) (7,9), erythrocytes (1), fungi (10,13) and higher plants (8,17). Therefore, an investigation of the relation of adsorption to penetration was undertaken in order to define the role of this ubiquitous phenomenon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…RESULTS GERMINATION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT: Germination occurred in about 7 days, except in the cold conditions, where 18 to 22 days were required. Light shading produced a slightly higher percentage germination when the photoperiod was 16 hours and light intensity was high.…”

Section: Of the Plants Commonly Found In Los Angelesmentioning

confidence: 99%