Germination and Early Growth of Grasses at Four Root-Zone Temperatures

Smoliak, S.; Johnston, A.

doi:10.4141/cjps68-024

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A. cristatum and B. inermis were introduced to North America in the late 19 th or early 20 th century, and their cultivars have been extensively used for rangeland improvement (Newell ; Rogler ). Accordingly, there are many reports on the germination characteristics of these introduced grasses in the US and Canada (Plummer ; Ashby and Hellmers ; McGinnies ; Smoliak and Johnston ; McElgunn ; Grilz et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germination characteristics of four common perennial grasses of Inner Mongolian grassland, China

Miura

Tominaga

2014

Grassl Sci

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The grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, has experienced a decrease in area. To provide useful information for artificial grassland restoration, the germination characteristics of four native grass species, Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Bromus inermis Leyss. and Elymus dahuricus Turcz., were compared under laboratory conditions. The seeds of A. cristatum and B. inermis showed >70% germination at a wide range of temperatures from 10 to 30°C with or without light. Seeds of E. dahuricus did not show clear dormancy, but required a rather high temperature (20-30°C) for germination. When the temperature was alternated between day and night, it was the higher of the temperatures (the daytime temperature) that largely determined the percentage of germination. The germination of E. dahuricus was higher (max. 87%) in darkness than in light (max. 58%). Intact seeds of L. chinensis showed considerable germination (47%) only under a widely fluctuating temperature (30/10°C). Additionally, the dehusking of L. chinensis seeds improved the germinability at a constant temperature. These results are suggestive of a different regeneration niche among the four species, which should be taken into account when selecting the species and method for grassland restoration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). However, many of these materials have already been subjected to artificial selection (Smoliak and Johnston ), hence these results may not be applicable to wild strains in their native area. E. dahuricus and L. chinensis are rarely used outside their native range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination characteristics of four common perennial grasses of Inner Mongolian grassland, China

Miura

Tominaga

2014

Grassl Sci

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“…Seeds of Manchar, a commercial variety of smooth brome, retained viability of more than 70% for 6 yr when stored under cool, dry conditions (Hafenrichter et al 1968 Smoliak and Johnston 1968). Germination occurs at low temperatures (exceeding 80% at 7°C), but rates of seedling growth are highest at 18°C (Smoliak and Johnston 1968). Germination may occur under a broad range of osmotic potentials, light and dark conditions ) and under snow cover (Bleak 1959).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in Riding Mountain National Park, seedlings of smooth brome germinated from cores collected as far as 4.0 m away from established clones (Otfinowski and Kenkel 2005). Seeds of Manchar, a commercial variety of smooth brome, retained viability of more than 70% for 6 yr when stored under cool, dry conditions (Hafenrichter et al 1968 Smoliak and Johnston 1968). Germination occurs at low temperatures (exceeding 80% at 7°C), but rates of seedling growth are highest at 18°C (Smoliak and Johnston 1968).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Otfinowski

Kenkel²,

Catling³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

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Otfinowski, R., Kenkel, N. C. and Catling, P. M. 2007. The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a native of central Eurasia, was introduced to Canada as a forage and hay crop around 1888. Early reports of plants escaped from cultivation appear in 1903, and based on the number of collections prior to 1920, smooth brome spread most rapidly in western Canada. It is common along roadsides, forest margins, clearings, shorelines and disturbed areas, but its most detrimental impact is on the diversity of prairies and native grasslands. For example, in Riding Mountain National Park, MB, plant diversity of fescue prairies recently invaded by smooth brome decreased by 70%. Vegetative proliferation through underground rhizomes is key to the invasiveness of smooth brome, but long-range dispersal of seeds is facilitated by animals, wind and the transport of hay. Smooth brome is effectively controlled using selective applications of glyphosate and well-timed clipping. However, restoration of infested areas depends on the composition of native seed banks. Smooth brome remains valuable as a forage and cover crop in every province and territory in Canada. [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Le brome inerme (Bromus inermis Leyss.), plante indigène du centre de l'Eurasie, a été introduit au Canada pour la production fourragère vers 1888. Les premiers rapports mentionnant des plants retournés à l'état sauvage datent de 1903. D'après le nombre de prélèvements effectués avant 1920, on constate cependant que l'espèce s'est répan-due plus rapidement dans l'ouest du pays. Le brome inerme colonise souvent le bas-côté des routes, la lisière des bois, les clairières, les rivages et les terres perturbées, mais l'espèce nuit le plus à la diversité de la flore des prairies et des pâturages naturels. Dans le parc national Riding Mountain, au Manitoba, on a noté une diminution de la diversité des plantes de 70 % dans les prairies à fétuques récemment envahies par le brome inerme. L'efficacité du brome inerme vient essentiellement de sa reproduction végé-tative par rhizomes, mais les animaux, le vent et le transport du foin favorisent la dispersion des graines sur de grandes distances. L'application sélective de glyphosate et une coupe opportune permettent une lutte efficace contre cette adventice. Toutefois, la restauration des lieux infestés dépend de la composition des réserves de semences indigènes. Le brome inerme garde son utilité comme culture fourragère et culture abri dans toutes les provinces et tous les territoires du Canada. Mots clés: Bromus inermis Description and Account of Variation(a) Description. Rhizomatous perennial, 2-15 dm tall, the culms topped with open panicles 5-20 cm long with ascending or spreading branches. Rhizomes up to 1.5 m long without branching or producing stems, 2-5 mm wide, with pale scales. Culms smooth...

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“…The seedling growth of some of the grass species grown in western Canada has been described (Smoliak and Johnston 1968;Smoliak et al l97O;Johnston et al 19721' Lawrence and Kilcher 1972). These studies were based on isolated grass plants, without interplant competition which Donald (1963) believes should be studied to better understand growth and development of individuals within a plant association.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seedling Competition of Some Grasses in Mono- And Mixed Culture Under Greenhouse Conditions

Smoliak¹,

Johnston²

1975

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Germination and Early Growth of Grasses at Four Root-Zone Temperatures

Abstract: The allometric formula, Log Y : log b * K log X, wal used to exPress root-shoot relationships ( 12

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Germination characteristics of four common perennial grasses of Inner Mongolian grassland, China

Germination characteristics of four common perennial grasses of Inner Mongolian grassland, China

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Seedling Competition of Some Grasses in Mono- And Mixed Culture Under Greenhouse Conditions

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