Germicide capacity of macrophages (M�) in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson, 1844) at 0�C

Silva, José Roberto Machado Cunha da; Porto-Neto, Laércio R.; Borges, João Carlos Shimada; Jensch‐Junior, Bernard Ernesto

doi:10.1007/s00300-004-0704-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liquid containing phagocytic cells (macrophages) was aspirated using a Pasteur pipette and centrifuged at 251.5 g for 5 min; the supernatant was discarded. Aliquots of the sediments were examined between a slide and coverslip, under phase contrast microscopy (400·) to determine the phagocytic capacity (PC = number of phagocytosing macrophages ⁄ 100 macrophages) of the macrophages as described by Silva et al (2002Silva et al ( , 2005 Liver and muscle samples (taken from the dorsal superior aspect, 2.0 cm from the left operculum) were collected from the fish. These samples were kept at )10°C and sent for analysis of ether-extracts (according to AOAC -Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1984) at the Animal Nutrition Analytical Laboratory (Laborato´rio de Ana´lises em Nutric¸a˜o Animal -LANA) of UNESP ⁄ FCAVJ, Jaboticabal, SP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Dias

Leonardo

Tachibana³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of probiotics prepared from Bacillus subtilis (strain C‐3102‐Calsporin®; Calpis, Tokyo, Japan) as a dietary supplement on several reproductive aspects of female ‘matrinxã’(Brycon amazonicus), including hematological parameters, immunological characteristics and total lipid concentrations in muscle and liver tissue. The broodstock were kept in two ponds of 600 m2, at a density of 50 fish per pond, from March to November 2008. The fish were divided into two treatment groups: untreated control fish (T1), and fish fed with 10 g of probiotics per kg of ration (T2). Fish were fed a diet containing 32% crude protein (CP), 7% crude fat (CF), and 6.5% ether extract (EE) twice daily at a rate of 1% of the total biomass per day during the coldest months (May through August) and 3% during the warm season (March, April and September through November). During the reproductive period, 20 individuals from each treatment group were selected for the experiments; two doses of crude carp pituitary extract were given to females in 10‐h intervals, and one dose was given to the males at the same time the females were given the second dose. A total of 20 fish were used for the hematological analyses. After anesthetization, blood samples were withdrawn by caudal puncture to determine the total number of cells, differential and total leukocyte counts, thrombocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin rate and plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The hematimetric index mean corpuscular volume (VCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MHCM) were calculated. Ten other ‘matrinxãs’ from the same groups were used to assess macrophage phagocytic activity and lipid levels. The results showed that females fed a probiotics‐supplemented diet exhibited an increase in numbers of oocytes and, consequently, had higher rates of fertilization and hatching of larvae. Probiotic‐treated fish also exhibited a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of macrophages, indicating an improvement in the immune system of breeders. Hematologic parameters were different in comparison to the time‐zero group, and plasma cortisol and glucose levels were higher in the females. The total lipids levels in muscle and liver tissue were lower in B. amazonicus that received feed supplemented with probiotics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Dias

Leonardo

Tachibana³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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“…Therefore, the weekly alternation of diets was adopted due to this higher phagocytic activity in C. parallelus fingerlings. The phagocytic activity was determined according to Silva et al (2002Silva et al ( , 2005.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common snook fed in alternate and continuous regimens with diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic

Noffs

Tachibana

Santos

et al. 2015

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis probiotic to the feed of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) fingerlings, in alternate and continuous regimens. Six hundred and sixty fish, with average length of 5.90±0.88 cm and weight of 1.92±0.28 g, were stocked in 12 cages of 1.0 m 3 , with 55 fish each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of diet with the addition of probiotic, provided in alternate regimen for 7 days and in continuous regimen; besides a control without probiotic in the feed. Zootechnical performance, body composition, immune response, and blood parameters were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in zootechnical performance indexes and in body composition of fish treated with probiotic, when compared to the control. Fish from the alternate regimen showed an increment in respiratory burst and a lower total erythrocyte count than fish from the continuous regimen and the control. Fish from the continuous regimen did not differ from those of the control. The addition of Bacillus subtilis does not increase growth rates of common snook fingerlings; however, it has an immunostimulant action when supplied in alternate regimen.Index terms: Bacillus subtilis, Centropomus undecimalis, hematology, immunostimulant, marine aquaculture, respiratory burst. Robalo-flecha alimentado em regimes alternado e contínuo com dieta suplementada com o probiótico Bacillus subtilisResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adição de Bacillus subtilis, como probiótico, na ração de juvenis de robalo-flecha (Centropomus undecimalis), em regimes de alimentação alternado e contínuo. Foram estocados 660 peixes com comprimento médio de 5,90±0,88 cm e peso médio de 1,92±0,28 g, em 12 tanques-rede de 1,0 m 3 , com 55 peixes cada um. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de ração adicionada de probiótico, fornecida em regime alternado de 7 dias e em regime contínuo; além de controle sem probiótico na ração. Avaliaramse: desempenho zootécnico, composição corporal, resposta imune e parâmetros hematológicos. Não houve diferença significativa nos índices zootécnicos e na composição corporal dos peixes tratados com probiótico, em comparação ao controle. Os peixes do regime alternado apresentaram incremento na explosão respiratória e menor contagem total de eritrócitos do que os do regime contínuo e do controle. Os peixes do regime contínuo não diferiram dos do controle. A adição de Bacillus subtilis não promove o crescimento de juvenis de rebalo-peva; no entanto, tem ação imunoestimulante quando fornecido em regime alternado.Termos para indexação: Bacillus subtilis, Centropomus undecimalis, hematologia, imunoestimulante, piscicultura marinha, explosão respiratória.

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“…The immunological evaluation was performed by determining the phagocytic capacity (PC) and phagocytic index (PI). The PC was calculated as the number of phagocytosing phagocytes/100 phagocytes, and the PI was calculated using the total number of phagocytised yeast cells/number of phagocytosing phagocytes (Silva et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C supplementation has no effect on American bullfrog's immune response

Knoop

Dias

França

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is the only species raised in Brazilian commercial frog farms, and the intensive culture of these animals has gained great popularity in Brazil over the past several years. Stress is one of the major obstacles in frog culture. To minimise this problem, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of added vitamin C in the diet of American bullfrogs as an antistress factor through the assessment of plasma corticosterone, leucocyte levels and macrophage activation in animals raised in confinement. The experimental design was entirely randomised, with six treatments (supplementation of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 mg of vitamin C/kg of feed) and four replications. The plasma corticosterone level, leucocyte level and macrophage activation were evaluated. It was concluded that vitamin C had no influence on the evaluated parameters due to the possible adaptation of the animals to life in captivity (domestication). The results of this research indicate that farmers should not increase the levels of vitamin C in commercial feeds because this would only enhance production costs.

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Germicide capacity of macrophages (M�) in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson, 1844) at 0�C

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Common snook fed in alternate and continuous regimens with diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic

Vitamin C supplementation has no effect on American bullfrog's immune response

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