Germanium and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanotubes with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

Li, Qianqian; Fang, Yuan; Yan, Chunyun; Zhu, Jianjie; Sun, Jutang; Wang, Yijun; Ren, Jun; She, Xilin

doi:10.1039/c5ra26675k

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The peak at 29.9 eV is attributed to pure Ge and other Ge chemical status. The main peak at 30.9 eV (55.66 atom %) is assigned to the C−Ge bonds, corresponding to the Ge‐doped carbon materials . The peaks at 31.4 and 32.0 eV can be ascribed to the oxidation state Ge (i. e. GeO) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effect of Germanium as an Efficient Auxiliary Pre‐Dopant in Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Chen

Han

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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In this study, sulfur‐doped carbon nanotubes with germanium as a pre‐dopant (SGe‐CNTs) are successfully prepared by sequential doping of germanium and sulfur, and their activity oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is evaluated. As comparison, Ge‐doped CNTs and S‐doped CNTs are synthesized. The electrochemical results reveal that both Ge‐doping and S‐doping could improve the ORR activity of CNTs. In the synthesis process of SGe‐CNTs, germanium is deemed to be an efficient auxiliary pre‐dopant, since germanium modifies the microstructure of CNTs, and germanium content on the surface of Ge‐CNTs decreases dramatically after sulfur doping. Meanwhile, sulfur content on the surface of SGe‐CNTs is much higher than that of S‐CNTs with equivalent sulfur‐comprising dopants. Due to the Ge pre‐doping effect and synergistic effect of S/Ge doping, SGe‐CNTs with appropriate ratio of Ge and S atoms exhibit prominently enhanced ORR performance compared with those of single Ge‐ or S‐doped CNTs. By virtue of the outstanding ORR performance, SGe‐CNTs materials are expected to be highly active and cost‐effective ORR electrocatalysts in metal‐air batteries and alkaline fuel cells. The excellent ORR catalytic performance of SGe‐CNTs could be ascribed to the auxiliary Ge pre‐doping effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effect of Germanium as an Efficient Auxiliary Pre‐Dopant in Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Chen

Han

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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“…S10 online), Ge, N and P were distributed uniformly on the rGO substrate. We also found that the N-Ge (398.1 eV) [7], P-Ge (134.1 eV) [4], P-C (132.4 eV) [12] and C-N bonds (288.7 eV) [13] from the XPS data for Ge-N-P-rGO ( Fig. S11 online).…”

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confidence: 60%

“…She et al [7] synthesized Ge and N co-doped graphene materials and proved their higher ORR performances experimentally and theoretically. Li et al [4] confirmed that Ge and P co-doped carbon nanotubes showed enhanced ORR catalytic activity and long-term durability. Unfortunately, the work function values of the co-doped samples were relatively large due to the obvious bandgap around Fermi level, making the electron unfavorable to transfer from the carbon surface to the vacuum.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…However, their larger scale applications are hindered by the sluggish slow kinetics of the ORR. Up to now, platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are still known as the best ORR electrocatalysts owing to the relatively low overpotential, high catalytic activity and current density [4]. Nevertheless, the scarcity and high cost of Pt-based materials [5] limit their wider application.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In accordance with the same procedure described in the previous works [4,9], we computed the formation enthalpies of the ternary (N, P, Ge) co-doped defective graphene. We predicted with the DFT method that there is an order of N 4 -Gr (À4.61 eV) > I-N 2 P 2 -Gr (À4.19 eV) > A-N 2 P 2 -Gr (À4.14 eV) > P 4 -Gr (À3.52 eV) for N and P doped defective graphene, which are listed in Table S3 (online).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How heteroatoms (Ge, N, P) improve the electrocatalytic performance of graphene: theory and experiment

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Work Function‐Guided Electrocatalyst Design

Chen,

Ma,

Wei

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions is crucial for advancing global energy sustainability. The design of catalysts based on their electronic properties (e.g., work function) has gained significant attention recently. Although numerous reviews on electrocatalysis have been provided, no such reports on work function‐guided electrocatalyst design are available. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in work function‐guided electrocatalyst design for diverse electrochemical energy applications. This includes the development of work function‐based catalytic activity descriptors, and the design of both monolithic and heterostructural catalysts. The measurement of work function is first discussed and the applications of work function‐based catalytic activity descriptors for various reactions are fully analyzed. Subsequently, the work function‐regulated material‐electrolyte interfacial electron transfer (IET) is employed for monolithic catalyst design and methods for regulating the work function and optimizing the catalytic performance of catalysts are discussed. In addition, key strategies for tuning the work function‐governed material‐material IET in heterostructural catalyst design are examined. Finally, perspectives on work function determination, work function‐based activity descriptors, and catalyst design are put forward to guide future research. This work paves the way to the work function‐guided rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Germanium and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanotubes with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract: Germanium and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanotubes (Ge–P-CNTs) were prepared by a simple and scalable approach.

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Understanding the Effect of Germanium as an Efficient Auxiliary Pre‐Dopant in Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Understanding the Effect of Germanium as an Efficient Auxiliary Pre‐Dopant in Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction

How heteroatoms (Ge, N, P) improve the electrocatalytic performance of graphene: theory and experiment

Work Function‐Guided Electrocatalyst Design

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