1Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs) -beliefs that an unhealthy behaviour can be 2 compensated for by healthy behaviour -are hypothesised to be activated automatically 3 to help people resolve conflicts between their desires (e.g. eat chocolate) and their long-4 term goals (e.g. dieting). The aim of the present research was to investigate diet-5 specific CHBs within the context of a theoretical framework, the Health Action Process 6 Approach (HAPA), to examine the extent to which diet-specific CHBs contribute to 7 dieting intentions and dietary intake. Seventy five dieting women were recruited in 8Switzerland and England and were asked to complete measures of diet-specific CHBs, 9 risk perception, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, intention, and behaviour. Path 10 modelling showed that, overall, diet-specific CHBs were not related to dieting 11 intentions (ß = .10) or behaviour (ß = .06) over and above variables specified in the 12 HAPA. However, risk perception moderated the relationship between diet-specific 13CHBs and intention (ß = .26). Diet-specific CHBs positively predicted intention in 14 women with high risk perception, but not in women with low risk perception. This 15 positive relationship might be explained by the assumption that CHBs play different 16 roles at different stages of the health-behaviour change process. Future studies should 17 further examine moderators and stage-specific differences of the associations between 18CHBs, intention and health-behaviour change. 19 20