Germ tube growth and the microtubule cytoskeleton in Phytophthora infestans: Effects of antagonists of hyphal growth, microtubule inhibitors, and ionophores

Plasma Membrane-Adjacent Actin Filaments, but Not Microtubules, Are Essential for both Polarization and Hyphal Tip Morphogenesis in Saprolegnia ferax and Neurospora crassa

“…The present studies in an oomycete and an ascomycete complement previous studies in diverse hyphae (Howard and Aist, 1979;Howard, 1981;Staples, 1983, 1985;That et al, 1988;Heath and Kaminskyj, 1989;Temperli et al, 1990Temperli et al, , 1991Yokoyama et al, 1990;Raudaskoski et al, 1991Raudaskoski et al, , 1994Czymmek et al, 1995;Tinsley et al, 1996;Torralba et al, 1998a;Bourett et al, 1998) in showing that microtubules are not abundant in the hyphal tips and do not focus on the Spitzenkö rper or any other detectable structure. This is in sharp contrast to the very clear focus and abundance in hyphal tips of the chytridiomycete Allomyces (Roos and Turian, 1977;Roberson and Vargas, 1994;Vargas et al, 1993;McDaniel and Roberson, 1998).…”

Effect of some plant flavonoids on in vitro behaviour of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

“…This emphasises the difference in behaviour of mycorrhizal fungi between preinfection (germination, germ tube growth) and intraradical symbiotic phases. It is also interesting to note that glyceollin I stimulated hyphal elongation at low concentrations of 0.5 and 5 μM, which means that this compound has differential effects on microorganisms depending on its concentration, as previously reported for pathogens (Temperli et al, 1991). Non mycorrhizal soybean roots contain = 1 μg glyceollin g -1 fresh mass (Morandi et al, 1984), which is equivalent to ≈ 3 μM in the tissues.…”

Use of Molecular Cytology to Study the Structure and Biology of Phytopathogenic and Mycorrhizal Fungi

“…In some, but not all, cases, depolymerization of microtubules with drugs such as nocodazole leads to inhibition of tip growth (Temperli et al, 1991;Niini and Raudaskoski, 1993;Roberson and Vargas, 1994) and organelle movement (Hoch et al, 1987;Steinberg and Schliwa, 1993). Depolymerization of actin microfilaments with cytochalasin or latrunculin B can also inhibit tip growth (Tucker et al, 1986;Srinivasan et al, 1996;Gupta and Heath, 1997).…”