Geospatial Characterization of Material Stock in the Residential Sector of a Latin‐American City

Abstract

Summary Building stock constitutes a huge repository of construction materials in a city and a potential source for replacing primary resources in the future. This article describes the application of a methodological approach for analyzing the material stock (MS) in buildings and its spatial distribution at a city‐wide scale. A young Latin‐American city, the city of Chiclayo in Peru, was analyzed by combining geographical information systems (GIS) data, census information, and data collected from different sources. Application of the methodology yielded specific indicators for the physical size of buildings (i.e., gross floor area and number of stories) and their material composition. The overall MS in buildings, in 2007, was estimated at 24.4 million tonnes (Mt), or 47 tonnes per capita. This mass is primarily composed of mineral materials (97.7%), mainly concrete (14.1 Mt), while organic materials (e.g., 0.15 Mt of wood) and metals (e.g., 0.40 Mt of steel) constitute the remaining share (2.3%). Moreover, historical census data and projections were used to evaluate the changes in the MS from 1981 to 2017; showing a 360% increase of the MS in the last 36 years. This study provides essential supporting information for urban planners, helping to provide a better understanding of the availability of resources in the city and its future potential supply for recycling as well as to develop strategies for the management of construction and demolition waste.

Spatial analysis of urban material stock with clustering algorithms: A Northern European case study

“…Residential stock per capita for Gothenburg was estimated at 62 t (Table ). Similar values (13% lower) were shown for the city of Chiclayo in Peru, which, as of 2016, had residential stock estimated at 55 t per capita (Mesta et al., ). The three largest Chinese cities had two to three times lower residential stock per capita: 16 t for Beijing and 25 t for Tianjin (Huang et al., ).…”

“…The studies that have examined multiple components of the built environment (Han & Xiang, 2013;Huang, Han, & Chen, 2016;Tanikawa & Hashimoto, 2009;Tanikawa et al, 2015;Wiedenhofer et al, 2015) have indicated that the largest stock is accumulated in buildings that takes between 43 and 90% of the total MS depending on which and how many of the built environment components are analyzed. This could explain why most of the studies in the field focus on buildings (Kleemann et al, 2016;Mesta, Kahhat, & Santa-Cruz, 2018;Reyna & Chester, 2015). The proportion of the stock among other infrastructure types is not as straightforward.…”

“…A few studies have focused on a country's prefectures (Fishman, Schandl, & Tanikawa, 2015;Han & Xiang, 2013) and others on multiple countries (Fishman et al, 2016;Fishman, Schandl, Tanikawa, Walker, & Krausmann, 2014;Wiedenhofer et al, 2015). Urban areas have received the most attention (Guo et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2016;Kleemann et al, 2016;Mesta et al, 2018;Reyna & Chester, 2015), which can be explained by the rapid urbanization trends at a global level (United Nations, 2014).…”

Global construction materials database and stock analysis of residential buildings between 1970-2050

“…The studies investigating stocks were preferred given that the current paper focuses on stocks and does not look into material flows. Eleven studies from this category were included in the database (Hashimoto et al, 2007;Reyna and Chester, 2015;Tanikawa and Hashimoto, 2009;Gontia et al, 2018;Miatto et al, 2019;Van Beers and Graedel, 2003;Stephan and Athanassiadis, 2018;Condeixa et al, 2017;Johnstone, 2001;Mesta et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2013). Some of them assess materials in the existing in-use building stock at a local scale (Reyna and Chester, 2015;Miatto et al, 2019;Condeixa et al, 2017;Johnstone, 2001).…”

“…Other papers have a more general character as they focus on the material stock in entire countries (Hashimoto et al, 2007;Van Beers and Graedel, 2003). The assessment of the spatial distribution of the material stock using Global Information System (GIS) is the purpose of four of these studies (Tanikawa and Hashimoto, 2009;Kleemann et al, 2016;Van Beers and Graedel, 2003;Mesta et al, 2018). Estimating the material in-and outflows by using data on the material demand together with construction and demolition activities is the aim of several other papers (Stephan and Athanassiadis, 2018;Huang et al, 2013).…”