CONTEXT
The agricultural landscape has been changed significantly in the last century in Romania as a result of going through complex spatial and functional processes following her independence and the shift to the modern society, communist period and the transition to the market economy.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and analyse the most important change flows of agricultural use and spot the spatial patterns of land use change in relation to the underlying drivers from 1912 to 2018 in the Romanian Plain, the most important agricultural region in Romania.
METHODS
Using historical topographic maps and CORINE Land Cover databases we analysed the main LULC change flows related to agricultural lands for the periods 1912-1970, 1970-1990, 1990-2006 and 2006-2018: urbanization and industrialization; intensification of agriculture; extensification of agriculture; agricultural lands abandonment; afforestation; deforestation and agriculturalization. The flows of change were discussed in relation to the underlying factors, as well as in relation to their implications on agriculture, urban development and natural landscape.
RESULTS
In terms of LULC change flows related to agricultural lands, the most important transformations were related to agriculturalization and internal changes between the agricultural land use categories (extensification and intensification of agriculture), followed by urbanization, deforestation and afforestation.
Agriculturalization (24.9%) was the leading process in the 1912-1970 period, together with the internal changes between the agricultural land use categories, followed by urbanization (9.7%), deforestation (8.8%) and afforestation (7.1%).
In the second interval (1970-1990) and after the fall of communism (1990-2018), agriculturalization became less important, gradually being taken over by extensification and intensification and agriculture and urbanization.
Over the entire analysed period (1912-2018), LULC changes were not homogeneous among all relief units of Romanian Plain. Excepting the Danube Floodplain, whose landscape has been deeply modified (over 79% of the total surface), in the other relief units, the LULC change rates varied between 43.9% of total area in the Oltenia Plain and 17.0% in the Bărăgan Plain.
CONCLUSIONS
The landscape of the Romanian Plain was subject to significant long-term changes, especially over the 20th century, in terms of agricultural and built-up areas expansion to the detriment of natural and semi-natural areas. The amplitude of changes varied significantly at the spatial and temporal level mostly in relation to the underlying socio-economic and political factors.
The results are relevant to support policies in land management or nature conservation, but also to predict possible transformation of the landscape in future approaches.