Geophysical Methods for Cultural Heritage

Cozzolino, Marilena; Giovanni, Elisa Di; Mauriello, Paolo; Piro, Salvatore; Zamuner, Daniela

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74790-3_3

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The final (bedding) layer of mortar could contain additives as linseed oil and adhesive substances to ensure the slowing down of mortar setting while often not regularly placing the tesserae. The tesserae were predominantly made of glass-paste, containing metal oxides, or a gold leaf, extensively used for gilded backgrounds, halos, and details of religious scenes in the churches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Ancient wall mosaics have been often restored and/or reshuffled over the centuries without documentation of these interventions.…”

Section: Presence Of Inhomogeneitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be traced back to the ancient Orient using wall coverings made by clay cones, different both in size and thickness from the traditional wall mosaics [1]. The extensive use of the most known small tesserae, as a decoration of walls, columns, pillars, ceilings, and vaults, is documented over the centuries, particularly in Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], in numerous examples of buildings, which are part of the world cultural heritage. In general, the mosaics located on walls, domes, and vaults are more difficult to study (due to their position, geometric and surface features etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

2020

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This review concerns the challenges and perspectives of on-site non-invasive measurements applied to wall mosaics. Wall mosaics, during the centuries, decorated numerous buildings, nowadays being part of world cultural heritage. The preservation and maintenance of these valuable decorations are undoubtedly directly dependent on identifying possible problems that could affect their hidden structure. On-site non-invasive methods, using different contact or no-contact technologies, can offer support in this specific field of application. The choice of the appropriate technique or combination of different techniques depends, in general, on the depth of investigation, the resolution, the possibility to have direct contact with the surfaces or, on the contrary, limited accessibility of the wall mosaics due to their location (e.g., vaults), as well as deterioration problems, (e.g., voids, detachments, or humidity effects). This review paper provides a brief overview of selected recent studies regarding non-invasive methods applied to the analysis of wall mosaics. This review, discussing the assessment of advantages and limitations for each method here considered, also considers possible future developments of imaging techniques in this specific context for cultural heritage applications.

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Section: Presence Of Inhomogeneitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

2020

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“…The advances in recent years of non-invasive techniques applied to the study of cultural heritage have opened new horizons in the field of heritage protection [23]. In fact, these techniques allow the increase of knowledge of the transformations that may have affected historical structures over the centuries, thus supporting and guiding restoration projects [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. To minimize interpretative ambiguities, the joint use of different noninvasive techniques has often been proposed such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and infrared thermography (IRT) [31], unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and TLS [32], UAV photogrammetry and GPR [33], GPR, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) [34,35], GPR, IRT, and ERT [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Investigation with Ground Penetrating Radar and Infrared Thermography as a Diagnostic Support for the Restoration of Two Wall Mosaics in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo, Italy

Martorana

Capizzi

2022

Heritage

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The church of S. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo, known as “La Martorana” and very famous for its Byzantine mosaics, has been a World Heritage site since 2015. The mosaic system of the church includes several groups of figures and scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. From the western part of the ancient church only two mosaics survive, detached from their original position, and are now located in two internal chapels. On the occasion of several restoration works, these two mosaic panels were investigated with non-invasive techniques, in order to provide diagnostic support to the restoration and consolidation interventions. The investigations were aimed at detecting any air pockets that could cause the detachment of the tesserae or of possible differences between cement mortars under the tesserae. For this purpose, the integrated use of two non-invasive techniques namely infrared thermography (IRT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) was considered. The joint analysis of IRT and GPR data allowed the interpretative uncertainties inherent in each technique to be reduced. Furthermore, for both techniques differentiated analyses were performed for layers at different depths under the mosaic surface. The results of these analyses were found to be more reliable regarding GPR data, compared to infrared thermography, the latter being more influenced by the reflectivity of the tesserae. However, the results partially confirmed the restorers’ diagnosis, also allowing the identification of further critical areas that could be affected by deterioration or compositional differences in the layers supporting the mosaics.

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“…The use of geophysical methods for non-invasive identification of buried targets and the determination of the extension of the archaeological sites before their excavation is well known for decades [ 1 – 5 ]. Many examples of case-histories, in the recent scientific literature, show the usefulness of the application of a single geophysical method or a combination of different techniques in Cultural Heritage studies [ 6 , 7 ]. The most common geophysical measurements adopted for archaeological investigations are based on magnetic, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), electro-magnetic induction (EMI), or frequency domain electro-magnetic (FDEM) techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Non-invasive Measurements in the Recent Studies of the Scrovegni Chapel: Results and Considerations

Deiana

2020

Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020

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The Scrovegni Chapel is known all over the world for the famous frescoes made by Giotto that decorate its interior. The building stands on the remains of the Roman amphitheater of Padua, in a unique, highly scenic position. Many unsolved doubts about the origins of this building and its link with the Roman amphitheater affect the Chapel. The evident structural and decorative in-homogeneities visible between the various parts of the building (e.g., the nave, the apse, the sacristy, the hypogeum and the walls under the roof), pose numerous doubts about the transformations that must have affected it over the centuries, probably changing its original shape. This work reports some examples of recent applications of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), IR thermography, and multispectral imaging to the study of the Scrovegni Chapel. The results of the multidisciplinary project, of which these measurements are part, demonstrate that the integrated approach represents the basic condition for the right interpretation and comprehension of the results of non-invasive approach, mostly in complex archaeological and historical context as well as that of the Scrovegni Chapel.

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Geophysical Methods for Cultural Heritage

Cited by 8 publications

References 150 publications

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

Joint Investigation with Ground Penetrating Radar and Infrared Thermography as a Diagnostic Support for the Restoration of Two Wall Mosaics in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo, Italy

Application of Non-invasive Measurements in the Recent Studies of the Scrovegni Chapel: Results and Considerations

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