Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata

Burford, Euan P.; Kierans, Martin; Gadd, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1017/s0269915x03003112

Cited by 177 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to Wollenzien et al (1995), the most abundant fungal genera on calcareous stone from monuments are Cladosporium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium and Phoma. As reported (Burford et al, 2003), fungi play an important role in rock weathering and also in the biodeterioration of stone monuments as suggested by their presence in the studied samples. Using sequence analysis of 18S rRNA gene, high similarity (≥99%) was found with NCBI database entries of the algae Chlorella vulgaris, Stichococcus bacillaris and Trebouxia sp., and the fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cyphellophora laciniata and Phoma sp.…”

Section: Identification Of Microbial Communities Of the Natural Greensupporting

confidence: 57%

Reproducing stone monument photosynthetic-based colonization under laboratory conditions

Miller

Láiz

Gonzalez

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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In order to understand the biodeterioration process occurring on stone monuments, we analyzed the microbial communities involved in these processes and studied their ability to colonize stones under controlled laboratory experiments. In this study, a natural green biofilm from a limestone monument was cultivated, inoculated on stone probes of the same lithotype and incubated in a laboratory chamber. This incubation system, which exposes stone samples to intermittently sprinkling water, allowed the development of photosynthetic biofilms similar to those occurring on stone monuments. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was used to evaluate the major microbial components of the laboratory biofilms. Cyanobacteria, green microalgae, bacteria and fungi were identified by DNA-based molecular analysis targeting the 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The natural green biofilm was mainly composed by the Chlorophyta Chlorella, Stichococcus, and Trebouxia, and by Cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Leptolyngbya and Pleurocapsa. A number of bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were identified, as well as fungi from the Ascomycota. The laboratory colonization experiment on stone probes showed a colonization pattern similar to that occurring on stone monuments. The methodology described in this paper allowed to reproduce a colonization equivalent to the natural biodeteriorating process. IntroductionStone monuments represent an important part of our world's cultural heritage. Natural stones are weathered by physical, chemical and biological factors. One of the most complex problems in monument conservation is to contrast biological deterioration or biodeterioration Herrera et al., 2004;. The interactions between environmental factors affecting stone monuments (e.g. light intensity, air pollution, humidity) and microorganisms are not well understood. Among the components of the microbial communities, phototrophic organisms are the primary producers and play an important role in the colonization and deterioration of stone monuments, causing extensive aesthetic, physical and chemical damages (Tomaselli et al., 2000;Ciferri, 2002;Crispim and Gaylarde, 2005). In order to understand the biodeterioration process, laboratory experiments present the advantage of controlling environmental variables which simplifies the answering of important questions. A number of different laboratory-based experimental biofilm model systems have been developed (Guillitte and Dreesen, 1995;Tiano et al., 1995;Tomaselli et al., 2000; Monte,

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Section: Identification Of Microbial Communities Of the Natural Greensupporting

confidence: 57%

Reproducing stone monument photosynthetic-based colonization under laboratory conditions

Miller

Láiz

Gonzalez

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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“…These results, in addition to those of a previous study that investigated the fungal communities on bare limestone (Gómez-Cornelio et al, 2012), suggest that the species richness of limestone in subtropical environments is high in comparison to other rock surfaces, that have been studied in Europe, for example, and in particular in the Mediterranean (De la Torre et al, 1991;Sterflinger and Prillinger, 2001;Gorbushina et al, 2002;Ruibal et al, 2005;Hallman et al, 2011). Although the intrinsic characteristics of rock, such as its mineral composition, porosity and roughness, have been reported to influence the colonization of microbial communities (Guillitte, 1995;Burford et al, 2003;Lan et al, 2010), the study of Tomaselli et al (2000) did not find a relationship among existing organisms and the petrographic characteristics of rock. In this study, the high values of species richness and diversity may be attributed to favorable environmental factors in the subtropics (Table 1) and time elapsed since initial colonization (Gaylarde and Gaylarde, 2005;Mihajlovski et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Both media were adjusted to pH 7.7 and supplemented with chloramphenicol (200 mg L -1 ) to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Media were prepared with CaCO 3 , since it is the main component of limestone (Burford et al, 2003). Under a stereomicroscope, 50 particles were transferred to 10 plates with MEAC (5 particles per plate); this procedure was repeated for the CCOA medium.…”

Section: Biofilm Sampling and Fungal Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cambios en la composición de la comunidad fúngica de biopelículas sobre roca calcárea a través de una cronosecuencia en Campeche, México

Gómez‐Cornelio¹,

Ortega-Morales²,

Morón‐Ríos³

et al. 2016

Acta Bot. Mex.

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Antecedentes y Objetivos: La colonización de los sustratos líticos por comunidades fúngicas está determinada por las propiedades del sustrato (bioreceptividad) y las condiciones climáticas y microclimáticas. Sin embargo, los efectos del tiempo de exposición de la superficie de la roca calcárea al ambiente sobre la composición de las comunidades fúngicas no se ha investigado. En este estudio, analizamos la composición y estructura de las comunidades fúngicas inmersas en biopelículas asociadas a roca calcárea, en paredes de edificaciones modernas construidas a diferentes tiempos en un ambiente subtropical en Campeche, México.Métodos: Se consideró una cronosecuencia de paredes construidas a uno, cinco y 10 años. Sobre cada pared, se rasparon tres superficies de 3 × 3 cm para cada biopelícula. Los hongos se aislaron por la técnica de lavado y filtración de partículas, posteriormente se inocularon en dos medios de cultivo contrastantes (un medio oligotrófico y uno copiotrófico). Los hongos se identificaron de acuerdo a sus características macro y microscópicas.Resultados clave: Encontramos 73 géneros y 202 especies de 844 aislados. Los resultados mostraron que las comunidades fúngicas son diferentes en las tres biopelículas. En la biopelícula de desarrollo intermedio encontramos un alto número de aislados, pero tanto la riqueza como la diversidad fueron bajas. En contraste, en la biopelícula avanzada, los valores de riqueza de especies y diversidad fueron altos, y las especies abundantes fueron Hyphomycete 1, Myrothecium roridum y Pestalotiopsis maculans. Las especies dominantes en la biopelícula intermedia fueron Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pallescens, Fusarium oxysporum y Fusarium redolens, y en la biopelícula joven fueron Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia clavata, Paraconiothyrium sp. y Phoma eupyrena.Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la composición de la comunidad fúngica en cada biopelícula cambia de acuerdo al tiempo de exposición de la roca calcárea al ambiente. Además, como parte de la composición de la comunidad fúngica, encontramos un conjunto de especies poco comunes que podrían ser autóctonas en la roca calcárea.

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“…Recent studies have shown that certain bacteria, archaea as well as fungi, are able to precipitate and deposit crystalline and amorphous material in and around their cell walls and surface layers. These minerals of biogenic origin include carbonates, oxalates, hydroxides, phosphates and sulfides (Burford et al 2003a;Burford et al 2003b;Burford et al 2006;Benzerara et al 2011). Fungi and bacteria can effectively oxidize and precipitate Mn(II) and Fe(II) (de Rome and Gadd, 1987;Morley and Gadd, 1995;Spilde et al 2005;Barton and Northup, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Acidophilic Bacterial-Archaeal-Fungal Ecosystem Linked to Formation of Ferruginous Crusts and Stalactites

Gherman

Boboescu

Pap

et al. 2014

Geomicrobiology Journal

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The presence of specialized microbial associations between populations of chemoautotrophic bacteria and archaea with ascomycetous fungi was observed inside stalactiteshaped mineral formations in a highly acidic cave environment. Metagenomic, chemical and electron microscopy analyses were used to investigate the relevance of these microbial ecosystems in the formation of stalactites. Ferric hydroxide produced by acidophilic bacteria and archaea was shown to be deposited onto fungal hyphae, resulting in complex mineralized stalactite-shaped structures. Thus, both archaeal-bacterial and fungal members of the ecosystem were shown to play an active role in the formation of stalactites.

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Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata

Cited by 177 publications

References 20 publications

Reproducing stone monument photosynthetic-based colonization under laboratory conditions

Reproducing stone monument photosynthetic-based colonization under laboratory conditions

Cambios en la composición de la comunidad fúngica de biopelículas sobre roca calcárea a través de una cronosecuencia en Campeche, México

An Acidophilic Bacterial-Archaeal-Fungal Ecosystem Linked to Formation of Ferruginous Crusts and Stalactites

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