Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonic in Drainage Basins in the Southern Bolkar Mountain, Turkey

Karstic depressions on Bolkar Mountain plateau, Central Taurus (Turkey):distribution characteristics and tectonic effect on orientation

“…After this period, the African plate was subducted to the north, while the Central Taurus mountains were exposed to compression, thickening, and uplift in five different periods during the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene, as (1), Middle Miocene (2), Late Miocene (3), Pliocene (4), and Early Pleistocene-present day (5) (Akay and Uysal, 1988;Schildgen et al, 2014;Karaoğlan, 2016). Additionally, stream profiles show that the Central Taurus underwent a multistage uplift instead of a continuous uplift (Altın, 2012;Schildgen et al, 2012).…”

An assessment of geomorphometric anomalies and their significance on the seismotectonic activity through geoinformatics

“…7 and table 4). The lower BFF, CR and ER values with the trough zone imply a more elongated basin which has been highly influenced by the structural disturbance and tectonic activity, indicating a higher geomorphometric anomaly (Zuchiewicz 1989;Altin 2012;Bali et al 2012;Shukla et al 2014). Similarly, the higher EI and BSI indexes produce a more elliptical and elongated basin due to compression and the uplifted mountain front which indicates high tectonic activity (Ramírez-Herrera 1998; Mahmood and Gloaguen 2012 (Panek 2004).…”

“…The Karala (MB 01) and the Lish micro basin (MB 07) show a higher value with significant peak of BC (0.722 and 0.845, respectively) and the Lower chel (MB 04), Dik chhu (MB 03), Rayeng (MB 09) and Kalet Khola micro basin (MB 20) represent a lower value of FR (0.184, 0.312, 0.336 and 0.345, respectively) in association with the trough zone. The higher BC value indicates a less resistant rocky surface which has been considered as an inactive zone (Panek 2004;Altin 2012) while the lower FR value signifies the almost perfect adjustment of drainage network in a micro basin which indicates low geomorphic anomaly. The geometry of basin shape analysis shows that the widths of the Tista lower (foothills), Lish, Gish, Upper chel and Dharla micro basins are narrower near the mountain front along the MFT while they are much wider in the alluvial surface and more elongated in nature, indicating significant geomorphic anomaly in the micro basin ( figure 8a and b).…”

“…Also, the high rate of relief dissection is associated with the sudden changes of slope in the mountain frontal surface due to the active tectonic movement of the MFT which is responsible for the earthquake occurrences in the past. The youthful topographic surface reflects less erosion in a high-resistance rock, indicating high tectonic activity which is another important factor for the higher frequency with the higher magnitude of earthquakes in the Greater Himalayan sequence (Keller and Pinter 2002;Altin 2012;Mahmood and Gloaguen 2012). Similarly, a lower index value of the specific indices can signify high tectonic potentiality for earthquake occurrences.…”

“…are responsible for long-term changes of the landscape and uplift processes. Altin (2012) analysed various morphometric indices in the southern Bolkar mountain region and concluded that a stream length gradient anomaly, a steeped narrow valley, an elongated basin and a primary stage in a drainage network indicate greater tectonic activity. Mahmood and Gloaguen (2012) analysed geomorphic indices and drainage patterns to identify the geomorphic anomaly in the Hindu Kush region and observed that the high rate of upliftments, deformed landforms and anomalous drainage patterns are responsible for active tectonics.…”