Geomorphic assessment of the factors contributing to the evolution of landforms in Ukhaldhunga area, Kosi River valley, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand

Luirei, Khayingshing; Bhakuni, S. S.; Longkumer, Limasanen; Kumar, Vipin; Jamir, Imlirenla

doi:10.1007/s12303-020-0034-7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the Dun valley, early Proterozoic Chandpur phyllites of the Mussoorie Syncline overrode the Late Pleistocene Dun Gravel along the MBT between Dehradun and Rishikesh (Jalote, 1962). Similar observations are also reported from the MBT zones of Ladhiya River and Dabka River valleys in the Kumaun Himalaya where Lesser Himalayan rocks are thrust over recent landslide debris and fluvial terraces (Luirei et al, 2021; Valdiya, 1992). Rivers deflecting their course have been reported from the MBT zone and other segments of the major Himalaya Fault zones (Gupta, 1997; Luirei et al, 2021; Valdiya, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar observations are also reported from the MBT zones of Ladhiya River and Dabka River valleys in the Kumaun Himalaya where Lesser Himalayan rocks are thrust over recent landslide debris and fluvial terraces (Luirei et al, 2021; Valdiya, 1992). Rivers deflecting their course have been reported from the MBT zone and other segments of the major Himalaya Fault zones (Gupta, 1997; Luirei et al, 2021; Valdiya, 1992). Palaeoseismological studies in the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) zone are well documented from various segments of the Himalaya, which shows the seismic nature of the HFT (Kumar et al, 2001; Lavé & Avouac, 2000; Malik & Nakata, 2003; Rajendran et al, 2018, 2020; Wesnousky et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Geodetic measurements at Jogindernagar in Himachal Pradesh and Dakpathar in the Yamuna valley show evidences of recent to sub‐recent activity along the MBT (Ansari et al, 1976; Arur & Rajal, 1981). Landforms related to the normal faulting have been reported from the MBT zone and its thrust splays from the MBT zone of the Kumaun and Nepal Himalaya (Kothyari et al, 2010; Luirei et al, 2021; Mugnier et al, 1994; Valdiya et al, 1992). Structural control on the rivers in the MBT zone is described, revealing the strike‐slip movement along the MBT as the bedrocks have a high angle (>70°) of dip (Valdiya, 1980a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation

2022

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In the Garhwal Himalaya, the steeply inclined Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) is characterized by landforms that indicate towards tectonic activity in the recent past. Linear active fault trace, sub‐recent fault scarps, strath terrace, uplifted terraces, deflected drainage, and triangular facet cones are some of the morphotectonic evidences of recent tectonic activity along the MBT. The MBT is defined by active fault trace in the form of linear depression and shows a prominent slope break across it. Thrusting of the Lesser Himalayan bedrocks over the colluvial deposits and back tilting of the colluvial deposits are also observed in the MBT zone. The formation of the sag pond and the deposition of the Quaternary lacustrine sediments followed by the deformation of the lacustrine deposits indicate phases of tectonic activities along the MBT. The later phase of deformation is represented by the folded lacustrine and colluvial deposits, where the amplitude of the fold measures about 3 m‐high and the deformed section measures about 23 m in length. The ongoing deformation patterns of the MBT zone have also been monitored with the help of Synthetic Aperture Radar‐based time series analysis. We used Sentinel‐1C dataset in ascending direction with polarization of the VV+ VH acquired between December 2, 2017 to September 7, 2021 to identify phase changes caused by ongoing active deformation. The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) result based on Sentinel‐1A suggests that the Dehradun–Mussoorie and adjoining region has undergone an average deformation of 5.5 to −11 mm/year and the ground displacement of 1.5 to −3.8 cm. The time series analysis reveals that the Mussoorie hills in the MBT zone have higher rate of deformation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation

2022

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“…Logar, in Gaula valley, normal faulting along the MBT has dismembered the Quaternary fan deposit where a 37 m fault scarp almost trending E-W is observed (Luirei, Bhakuni, Suresh, Kothyari, & Pant, 2014;Valdiya, 1992); Luirei et al (2014) are of the view that the faulting activity is younger than 17 ka; normal fault-related landforms and active fault trace along the MBT is also observed in the Kosi river valley (Luirei et al, 2021). In the Ladhiya valley Valdiya, Rana, and Dey (1992) have reported quartzite bedrocks belonging to the Jaunsar Group (Pre-Cambrian) thrust over recent fluvial deposit along the MBT at Shim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent tectonic activities along the MBT are reported from various segments of the Himalaya. The evidences vary from uplifted terraces, impounding of streams, swerving of river channels, truncation of fan deposits, and thrusting of Lesser Himalayan rocks over Quaternary deposits along the MBT (Luirei, Bhakuni, Longkumer, Kumar, & Jamir, 2021;Valdiya, 1992). Swerving of rivers is clearly shown by the Ravi, Giri, Yamuna, Ganga, Ramganga, Kosi, Gaula, Karnali, Rapti, Kali Gandhaki, Bhareli, Subansiri and Dihang (Valdiya, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the tectonically induced Quaternary landforms and active deformation in the area between Main Boundary Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust, south of the Siang Antiform, Arunachal Himalaya, India

et al. 2021

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The present study area represents one of the active segments of the frontal part of the Arunachal Himalaya. The major structural boundaries traversing the area are the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and other local faults are tectonically active, as evident from the landforms that evolved in the fault zones. Strath terraces and uplift fluvial terraces are observed in the hanging‐wall block of the HFT and MBT, and along the HFT straight to curvilinear mountain fronts are observed. Normal faults both transverse and parallel to the strike of HFT are observed in the hanging‐wall block of the HFT. West of Pasighat the sub‐Himalaya terrain resembles a duplex, where there is gradual rise in elevation from the Brahmaputra Plain to the low‐lying hills of the sub‐Himalayan and sudden rise in elevation across the MBT. Drainage aligning to the bedrock structures and stream migrations are observed in the fault zones. Along the MBT, the sub‐Himalayan rocks are thrusted over either by quartzite or black carbonaceous shales, in some sections the MBT is behaving as a back‐thrust that dips towards the south. The MBT has also been displaced by almost N–S‐trending transverse faults where highly sheared bedrocks are also observed. Tilting of Quaternary fluvial deposits are observed in the hanging‐wall blocks of intraformational thrusts at two locations. Signatures of paleoseismic activities in the form of various soft‐sediment deformational structures are observed in Quaternary deposits in the HFT zone and also in the hanging‐wall block of the MBT. To determine the deformation and strain rate accumulation, we have re‐analysed the available GNSS results of the area, which indicate a deformation rate of up to 16 mm/year in the vicinity of the Pasighat region. The GPS‐derived deformation rates are well corroborated with the existing results of peak ground acceleration (PGA) anomalies. The component–wise motion indicates higher fault perpendicular motion in this part, which reveals an accumulation of more strain along the major Himalayan faults.

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Evaluating instability & failure pattern of landslides, Giri valley, Northwest Himalaya, India

Negi,

Sati,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Geomorphic assessment of the factors contributing to the evolution of landforms in Ukhaldhunga area, Kosi River valley, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation

Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation

Assessment of the tectonically induced Quaternary landforms and active deformation in the area between Main Boundary Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust, south of the Siang Antiform, Arunachal Himalaya, India

Evaluating instability & failure pattern of landslides, Giri valley, Northwest Himalaya, India

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