Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Space Weather: Pi3 Pulsations and Extreme Values of Time Derivatives of the Geomagnetic Field’s Horizontal Components

Yagova, Nadezda; Pilipenko, Vyacheslav; Fedorov, E. N.; Lhamdondog, A. D.; Gusev, Yu. P.

doi:10.1134/s1069351318050130

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The increased field variability in the morning is presumably caused by intense Pc5-Pi3 geomagnetic pulsations observed most often in early morning hours [Kleimenova, Kozyreva, 2004;Pahud et al, 2009]. The appearance of large values of the time derivative of the geomagnetic field during the occurrence of Pi3 pulsations has been observed by Yagova et al [2018]. The diurnal variation of the average GIC intensity at VKH repeats that of the geomagnetic field variability |dB/dt| ( Figure.…”

Section: Diurnal Variation Of Geomagnetic Disturbances and Gicmentioning

confidence: 80%

Statistical relationships between variations of the geomagnetic field, auroral electrojet, and geomagnetically induced currents

Vorob'ev¹,

Воробьев

Пилипенко³

et al. 2019

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Using observations from the IMAGE magnetic observatories and the station for recording geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the electric transmission line in 2015, we examine relationships between geomagnetic field and GIC variations. The GIC intensity is highly correlated (R>0.7) with the field variability |dB/dt| and closely correlated with variations in the time derivatives of X and Y components. Daily variations in the mean geomagnetic field variability |dB/dt| and GIC intensity have a wide night maximum, associated with the electrojet, and a wide morning maximum, presumably caused by intense Pc5–Pi3 geomagnetic pulsations. We have constructed a regression linear model to estimate GIC from the time derivative of the geomagnetic field and AE index. Statistical distributions of the probability density of the AE index, geomagnetic field derivative, and GIC correspond to the log-normal law. The constructed distributions are used to evaluate the probabilities of extreme values of GIC and |dB/dt|.

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Section: Diurnal Variation Of Geomagnetic Disturbances and Gicmentioning

confidence: 80%

Statistical relationships between variations of the geomagnetic field, auroral electrojet, and geomagnetically induced currents

Vorob'ev¹,

Воробьев

Пилипенко³

et al. 2019

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…High risk of GIC may be related not only to global magnetospheric processes such as magnetic storms characterized by a considerable energy dissipation but also to more localized and rapid processes (Kataoka & Ngwira, 2016). The impulsive geomagnetic disturbances that appear in ground-based magnetometer records during nighttime may be associated with substorm onsets and subsequent activations, magnetic impulse events (Engebretson et al, 2019), and intense geomagnetic pulsations Pi3/Ps6 (Connors et al, 2003;Kleimenova et al, 2002;Yagova et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auroral Omega Bands are a Significant Cause of Large Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Apatenkov

Pilipenko

Gordeev

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The strongest event of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) detected by the North‐West Russian GIC network occurred during the main phase of the magnetic storm on 28 and 29 June 2013. Extremely high value, 120 A, was recorded in the 330 kV transformers on Kola Peninsula in the 04–07 magnetic local time (MLT) sector. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft took a sequence of ultraviolet (UV) auroral images in the southern hemisphere and observed multiple omega bands. The ionospheric equivalent electric currents based on the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network reveal a sequence of current vortex pairs moving eastward with the speed of 0.5–2.5 km/s that fits to the electrodynamics scheme of omega bands. Although the temporal variations of the associated current system are slow, the omega bands can be responsible for strong magnetic variations and GIC due to fast propagations of currents in the azimuthal direction.

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“…More recently, long-period pulsations were seen in the high-latitude Kola peninsula during the 28-29 June 2013 geomagnetic storm, producing over 120 A GIC at a particular node in the power grid (Belakhovsky et al, 2019). Pi3-type quasi-pulsations with a period of between 10 and 20 min resulted from a sequence of vortex-like localized structures associated with omega bands (and Ps6 pulsations) (Apatenkov et al, 2020) embedded in a substorm bay that constructively created large GICs (Apatenkov et al, 2020;Belakhovsky et al, 2019;Yagova et al, 2018). Localized high-latitude long-period Pi3 disturbances have also been noted to be dominant in the eastward B field (B y ) component with GIC risk in north-south effective power networks, contrary to the typical high-latitude east-west GIC driving associated with the large scale east-west auroral electrojet current system (Yagova et al, 2018).…”

Section: Geomagnetic Pulsations and Gic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pi3-type quasi-pulsations with a period of between 10 and 20 min resulted from a sequence of vortex-like localized structures associated with omega bands (and Ps6 pulsations) (Apatenkov et al, 2020) embedded in a substorm bay that constructively created large GICs (Apatenkov et al, 2020;Belakhovsky et al, 2019;Yagova et al, 2018). Localized high-latitude long-period Pi3 disturbances have also been noted to be dominant in the eastward B field (B y ) component with GIC risk in north-south effective power networks, contrary to the typical high-latitude east-west GIC driving associated with the large scale east-west auroral electrojet current system (Yagova et al, 2018). Such vortex-like current structures have also previously been related to long-period morning Ps6 pulsations, which have shown correlation to particularly large dB/dt and possible GICs (Apatenkov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Geomagnetic Pulsations and Gic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomagnetic Pulsations Driving Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Heyns

Lotz

Gaunt

2020

Preprint

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Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are driven by the geoelectric field induced by fluctuations of Earth's magnetic field. Drivers of intense GICs are often associated with large impulsive events such as coronal mass ejections. To a lesser extent fluctuations from regular oscillations of the geomagnetic field, or geomagnetic pulsations, have also been identified as possible drivers of GICs. In this work we show that these low-frequency pulsations are directly observed in measured GIC data from power networks. Due to the low-pass nature of GICs, Pc5 and lower-frequency pulsations drive significant GICs for an extended duration even at midlatitudes. Longer-period Ps6-type disturbances apparently not typical of midlatitudes are seen with GIC amplitudes comparable to the peak GIC at storm sudden commencement. The quasi-ac (alternating current) nature of the sustained pulsation driving affects the power system response and cannot be properly modeled using only direct current (dc) models. A further consideration is that the often used dB/dt GIC proxy is biased to the sampling rate of the geomagnetic field measurements used. The dB/dt metric does not adequately characterize GIC activity at frequencies in the low ultralow-frequency (ULF) range, and a frequency-weighted proxy akin to geoelectric field should be used instead.Plain Language Summary Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are naturally occurring currents induced in conductive media, such as the Earth, by fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. When large grounded conductors such as power networks are present, these currents also enter the network and pose serious risk to the stability of the network. In extreme cases, the GICs can result in total network collapse. Particular fluctuations of the local geomagnetic field are geomagnetic pulsations, which occur when the magnetic field lines are perturbed and ring, causing oscillations. These oscillations have not previously been thought to be effective in driving large GICs, but now measured GIC data have shown this is not always the case, and the power grid couples particularly well to low-frequency pulsations. Essentially, the power grid acts as an antenna, and pulsations have been picked up where not previously expected. Understanding the effectiveness of these pulsations and including them in GIC modeling is vital for protection of the grounded power networks we rely on.

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Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Space Weather: Pi3 Pulsations and Extreme Values of Time Derivatives of the Geomagnetic Field’s Horizontal Components

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Statistical relationships between variations of the geomagnetic field, auroral electrojet, and geomagnetically induced currents

Statistical relationships between variations of the geomagnetic field, auroral electrojet, and geomagnetically induced currents

Auroral Omega Bands are a Significant Cause of Large Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Geomagnetic Pulsations Driving Geomagnetically Induced Currents

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