Geology, geochemistry, and geochronology of Fe-oxide Cu (±Au) mineralization associated with Şamlı pluton, western Turkey

Yılmazer, Erkan; Güleç, Nilgün; Kuşcu, İ̇lkay; Lentz, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.10.001

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Ultimately Muhly et al [13,17], Steadman and Hall [15], and Pernicka et al [16] agreed that it is not self-evident that Kestel had been a tin mine, and more likely is the remnants of a gold deposit. Iron oxide copper gold ores (IOCG) are widely distributed across Turkey [18][19][20], and an unpublished mining exploration map included in Muhly [13] identify seven occurrences of gold in the immediate vicinity of Kestel. Thus, the true nature of the ore has remained uncertain.…”

Section: The Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Powell

Yazgan

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Since its discovery in 1987, the Early Bronze Kestel Mine has been a topic of archaeological and geological controversy. The initial interpretation of the extensive marble-hosted galleries as the oldest known tin mine was challenged due to the low tin grade in remaining hematite-quartz veins, and it was suggested that Kestel was more likely mined for gold. Mineralogical analysis of the remaining mineralization was compared to a heavy mineral concentrate extracted from the soil preserved within the mine. The compositionally complex, arsenate-rich mineral assemblage from the mine sediment, contrasts with that of the remaining surface mineralization. Thus, the outcropping veins do not represent the nature of the extracted ore. Only one grain of gold was found in the heavy mineral concentrate, whereas cassiterite composed 1.5% of the sample. Cassiterite occurs in complex assemblages with arsenates, clays, hematite, quartz, and dolomite, bearing resemblance to hematite-arsenate tin mineralization that occurs near Kayseri, 60 km to the northeast. These findings indicate that although gold was a trace component of the Kestel ore, cassiterite was the mineral of interest to the Early Bronze Age miners, and that Kestel represents the earliest evidence thus far for an emerging pattern of local tin exploitation.

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Section: The Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Analysis of the Kestel Mine: An Early Bronze Age Source of Tin Ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey

Powell

Yazgan

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent years, many researchers have compared the volcanic rockhosted iron deposits in China with the IOCG group of mineral deposits. However, the IOCG deposits are mined for their copper and gold content, not for iron (Groves et al, 2010;Ismail et al, 2014;Yılmazer et al, 2014).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of the Continental Volcanic Rock-hosmentioning

confidence: 99%