Geological Study of Chatara–Barahakshetra Section, Sunsari-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal

Adhikari, Drona; Shrestha, Keshav; Adhikari, Purushottam; Paudayal, Khum N.; Paudel, Lalu Prasad

doi:10.3126/bdg.v20i0.20723

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, the correlation of Siwaliks litho units based on the local stratigraphic name is quite complicated. However, the well-adopted classification (three-fold i.e., the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwaliks), where litho units are classified based on the grain size (Piligram, 1913;Auden 1935;Ulak, 2004;Ulak, 2009;Adhikari et al, 2018). The present study also adopted this classification (Table 2) and correlated the other section of the Siwalik Group.…”

Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Different researchers studied the Siwalik Group along the Muskar Khola section (Quade et al, 1995;Shrestha and Sharma, 1996;Robinson et al, 2001;Ojha et al, 2009;DMG, 2011;Chirouze et al, 2012), but none of these studies described the lithostratigraphy in detail. Therefore, this study is focused on a detailed lithological description and a stratigraphic classification of Siwalik succession based on classical threefold classification, which was previously used in the study of the different Siwalik section (Pilgrim, 1908, Hagan, 1951Shrestha and Sharma, 1996;Ulak, 2004;Ulak, 2009;Adhikari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya

Kumar¹,

Yoshida²

2020

Journal of Nepal Geological Society

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The Siwalik Group extending east to west co-linear to the main Himalayan range is well exposed along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur district, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Siwalik Group in the present study area is divided into the Lower, Middle, and Upper Siwaliks based on grain size and sandstone-mudstone proportion. The Lower Siwaliks is characterized by very fine- to fine-grained, light grey sandstone interbedded with dark grey to olive black mudstone. The Middle Siwaliks, is characterized by the domination of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, and based on the lithology and bed thickness it is divided into two members. The lower member is dominated by fine- to medium-grained “salt and pepper” sandstone with dark greenish to olive-grey mudstone while, the upper member is dominated by light grey to white medium- to coarse-grained sandstone with grey, dark grey to black mudstone. Increase in the grain size and thickness of sandstone beds, increase in the proportion of mudstone, decrease in induration of sandstone and decrease in the proportion of biotite grain in sandstone makes upper member different from lower member of the Middle Siwaliks. The Upper Siwaliks is characterized by very thick beds of clast supported conglomerate associated with coarse- to very coarse-grained, very thick bedded sandstone and dull yellowish-grey to grey mudstone. The boundary between the Lower Siwaliks and the Middle Siwaliks, lower member and upper member of the Middle Siwaliks, and the Upper Siwaliks are 10.0 Ma, 5.7 Ma, and 3.5 Ma, respectively. The present study records the presence of a large succession of intra-formational conglomerate succession in the Lower Siwaliks.

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Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya

Kumar¹,

Yoshida²

2020

Journal of Nepal Geological Society

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“…Shrestha (2017) correlated the Lesser Himalayan section with that of central Nepal as the Lukwa Formation with the Dhading Dolomite, the Chiuribas Formation with the Nourpul Formation and the Mulghat Formation with the Dadagaon Phyllite. Later on, Adhikari et al (2018) published the geological map of the Siwalik of the Chatara-Barahakshetra section, in which the authors stated the zone as a highly deformed area as it contains several folded structures. Further, the rock sequence near the CCT suggested it as an overturned structure.…”

Section: Early Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Geology of the Arun-Tamor Region, Eastern Nepal: Present Understndings, Controversies and Research Gaps

Adhikari

Silwal

Paudel

2021

J. Inst. Sci. Tech.

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Systematic study of the eastern Nepal Himalaya was started after 1950 when Nepal opened up for foreigners. Thereafter, several geological studies have been carried out in the Arun-Tamor region of eastern Nepal Himalaya. The Tibetan-Tethys sedimentary sequence, the Higher Himalayan amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphic crystalline sequence, the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary and greenschist facies metasedimentary sequences, and the Siwalik foreland molassic sedimentary sequence are the four major tectonic units of this area. The individual nomenclature schemes of stratigraphic units, the correlational dispute, the positions and interpretations of regional geological structures are some examples that have created controversies regarding the lithostratigraphy and structural arrangements. The difference in age and genesis of the Main Central Thrust and its effects in the metamorphism of the eastern Nepal Himalaya are the exemplification of the contradiction in the interpretation of the tectonometamorphic history. There is a gap in research in the tectonics and episodic metamorphic evolution of the area owing to the bare approach in the microstructural and geochronological investigation. Future investigations should be focused on solving the above mentioned controversies and narrowing down the research gaps in tectonic and metamorphic evolution.

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“…The study area comprises of the rocks of the lower and the upper member of Lower Siwalik Formation. The classification is based on the basis of proportion of mudstone and sandstone Adhikari et al (2018). The lower member comprises of purple, greenish grey to grey mudstone and shale alternating with 5 to 30 cm thick, fine to medium grained, bluish grey, calcareous to non-calcareous, sandstone, which transitionally passes to the upper member of the formation.…”

Section: Siwaliksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the previous study indicated that the landslide bearing area is structurally weak zone and bears multiple thrust zones in close succession of horizontal distance suggesting that the area has suffered through multiple stages of deformation. Present study is focused on delineation of geological state of focused area in which the classification names adopted as presented by Dhital (2015) and Adhikari et al (2018), and to find out geotechnical cause of the Nishane landslide that has been obstructing the traffic of the Koshi Highway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and Geotechnical State of the Nisane Khola Landslide, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal: a case study

Adhikari¹,

Silwal²,

Giri³

2020

Himalayan J. Sci. Technol.

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Geological and landslide mapping was carried out in order to delineate the geological and geotechnical state of the Nisane landslide, situated in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Sunsari, Nepal, which has been obstructing the Koshi Highway time and again. The affected area bears metasedimentary and sedimentary rock sequences of the Lesser Himalaya and the Siwalik, respectively. The Dharapani Thrust separates the Chiuribas Formation and the Tamrang Formation of the Lesser Himalaya whereas the Main Boundary Thrust separates the Tamrang Formation and the Siwalik. The Nisane landslide is an old landslide situated in the structurally weak zone having variable activation period. Recently, the landslide reactivated as intense slide after the Gorkha Earthquake, 2015 and is occasionally obstructing the Koshi Highway. The subsidence in highway indicates the landmass is creeping along the tension crack. Kinematic analysis, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Slope Mass Rating (SMR), based on the field observation, measurement and laboratory testing, was carried out in eight different slopes of the slide. The results suggested majority of slopes suffers the wedge and plain failures along the major joint sets. The rock masses are of fair class and the slopes are unstable to partially stable. The slopes of major slide are vulnerable and seeks for immediate sustainable treatment.

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Geological Study of Chatara–Barahakshetra Section, Sunsari-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya

Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya

Review of the Geology of the Arun-Tamor Region, Eastern Nepal: Present Understndings, Controversies and Research Gaps

Geological and Geotechnical State of the Nisane Khola Landslide, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal: a case study

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