Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Mississippian K-bentonites from southern Turkey: A correlation with coeval tephras from Gondwana-derived terranes

Bozkaya, Ömer; Günal-Türkmenoğlu, Asuman; Göncüoğlu, M. Cemal; Okuyucu, Cengız

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104258

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Calcium in the soil is normally contributed by calcite and dolomite, which are the major constituents of limestone. However, the primary source of Ca in the Earth's crust is feldspar, while gypsum and limestone are the secondary sources [52,53]. The concentration of MgO in the Makarwal region was 0.05-2.87% with an average amount of 1.05%, which was comparably higher than the CSS of 0.78% [51] (Figure 5).…”

Section: Major Oxides Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution, Risk Assessment and Source Identification of Potentially Toxic Elements in Coal Mining Contaminated Soils of Makarwal, Pakistan: Environmental and Human Health Outcomes

Ali

Khattak

et al. 2023

Land

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The present research was carried out to examine the health and environmental impacts associated with coal mining activities in the Makarwal coal mining area in Pakistan. To achieve the objectives, 41 soil samples were collected from the coalmine-affected areas and analyzed for major and toxic trace elements (TTEs) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Most of the soil samples have extremely high concentrations of toxic metals such as Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The positive correlations and high concentration of trace elements in the Makarwal coalmine-affected region suggest an analogous origin of soil contamination. The factor analysis (FA) showed two components, i.e., F1 (53.4%) and F (74.21%), of total variability for soil. The F2 was loaded with Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr, which was similar to cluster 2, while the F1 was loaded with Cu and Cr, having a similar pattern to cluster 1. This proves that the contamination in the surrounding area is mostly associated with geological ore strata existing in the Makarwal coalfield. Based on geoaccumulation (Igeo), the elemental concentration in the studied soil sample could be categorized as follows: (1) Pb, Ni, and Zn are moderate to severely polluted and (2) Cr and Cu are in the moderately polluted category. The ecological risk indices (ERIs) of the single trace element contamination index highlighted that Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr pose a high risk to humans and the ecosystem. Based on different statistical tools performed for the source identification and distribution of metal contamination, it seems that the exposed sedimentary rocks, including limestone, dolomite, sandstone, and coal, are responsible for the toxic metal contamination in the study area.

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Section: Major Oxides Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A concentration distribution map shows that the soils of the western parts are relatively enriched in K 2 O (Figure 6e). Potassium generally contributes to the soils due to the weathering of the minerals such as feldspar, illite, and mica, which are abundantly present in the adjacent rocks [52,53].…”

Section: Major Oxides Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%