Geologic Evolution of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Northeastern Colombia

Tschanz, Charles M.; Marvin, Richard F.; Cruz, Brandon; Mehnert, Harald H.; Cebula, G.T.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<273:geotsn>2.0.co;2

Cited by 168 publications

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“…The depositional systems migrated toward Lake Maracaibo to the east (Van Andel, 1958;Villamil, 1999). The SNSM includes sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of Precambrian, Paleozoic, Triassic and Jurassic ages (Tschanz et al, 1974), and has a structural relief of 12 km (Kellogg and Bonini, 1982). By contrast, the Perija range exposes sedimentary and lowgrade metamorphic rocks of Paleozoic age, as well as Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Kellogg, 1984;Ujueta and Llinas, 1990).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Palynology of the Cerrejon Formation (Upper Paleocene) of Northern Colombia

Bayona¹,

Pardo-Trujillo²,

Rueda³

et al. 2007

Palynology

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A palynological study of the Cerrejon Formation was conducted in order to date the formation and understand the floristic composition and diversity of a Paleocene tropical site. The Cerrejon Formation outcrops in the Cerrejon Coal Mine, the largest open cast coal mine in the world. Two cores (725 m) were provided by Carbones del Cerrejon LLC for study. Two hundred samples were prepared for palynology, and at least 150 palynomorphs were counted per sample where possible. Several statistical techniques including rarefaction, species accumulation curves, detrended correspondence analysis, and Anosim were used to analyze the floristic composition and diversity of the palynofloras. Palynomorph assemblages indicate that the age of the Cerrejon Formation and the overlying Tabaco Formation is Middle to Late Paleocene (ca. 60-58 Ma). Major structural repetitions were not found in the Cerrejon Formation in the Cerrejon coal mine, and there is little floral variation throughout. The floral composition, diversity, and lithofacies do not change significantly. Lithofacies associations and floral composition indicate deposition fluctuating from an estuarine-influenced coastal plain at the base to a fluvialinfluenced coastal plain at the top. There are, however, significant differences in the composition and diversity of coal and siliciclastic samples. Coal palynofloras have fewer morphospecies, and a distinct and more homogeneous floral assemblage compared to assemblages from the intervening sisliciclastic strata, suggesting that tropical swampy environments supported fewer plant species and had a distinct vegetation adapted to permanently wet environments.

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Palynology of the Cerrejon Formation (Upper Paleocene) of Northern Colombia

Bayona¹,

Pardo-Trujillo²,

Rueda³

et al. 2007

Palynology

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“…These rocks are the result of an early Tertiary regional metamorphism. However, radiometric ages indicate that they formed in the Middle Eocene contemporarily with the Santa Marta Batholith (Tschanz, et al, 1969). Metasomatism and abundant dykes of pegmatite, aplite and dacite affected the Gaira schists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northwestern and youngest Geotectonic Province of Santa Marta (GPSM) comprises an inner sub-belt of Cretaceous imbricated metamorphic rocks (greenschists and amphibolites) and an outer sub-belt of Mesozoic amphibolites, greenschists and phyllites separated by the lower to middle Cenozoic Santa Marta Batholith (Doolan, 1970;MacDonald, et al, 1971). Many tectonic models for the southern Caribbean postulate an accretion of rocks during the late Cretaceous and/or Tertiary from the oceanic island arc of Mesozoic age, but with geological concerns raised by Radelli (1962) andTschanz, et al (1969) still to be resolved. Several studies (Duque-Caro, 1980Martínez, 1989;Donoso, 1990;Franco, 1990;Suzunaga, 1990 Caribbean from different points of view such as the state of its marine and coastal environments, its geological, geographical and geomorphological threats, its climatology, hydrography, biology and ecology, its environmental quality, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the management and use of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies on the Colombian Andes have focused on the SNSMM (Radelli, 1962;Campbell, 1965;Tschanz, et al, 1969Tschanz, et al, , 1974Doolan, 1970 2010), especially on tectonic and stratigraphical aspects. Faults, tertiary basins and the structural depression of the Cesar and Ranchería rivers surround this ancient massif revealing a complex geology caused by three major orogenies and at least three periods of faulting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jurassic plutons and volcanites intrude and cover these metamorphic rocks. Minor Carboniferous and late Mesozoic sedimentary sequences rest in unconformity towards the southeast (Tschanz, et al, 1969(Tschanz, et al, , 1974. The intermediate Geotectonic Province of Sevilla (GPSE) corresponds to a polymetamorphic complex that includes Paleozoic gneisses and schists with Permian millonitized peraluminous granitoids (Mejía, et al, 2008;Cardona, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal landforms caused by deposition and erosion along the shoreline between Punta Brava and Punta Betín, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean

Vargas-T.

Uribe-P.

Castellanos-A.

et al. 2016

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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Coasts are natural dynamic systems that are constantly changing. Several factors, such as sea level change, sediment availability and coastal processes strongly influence the evolution of the coastal landscape. However, the tectonic setting of the coast and the rate of sea level rise can also be important factors to consider. Coastal landforms are a consequence of the simultaneous operation of erosion, transportation and deposition processes and have evolved over a geologically short time, with several of them being almost exclusively the result of the action of ocean waves. The world's most spectacular and dramatic erosional landforms are due to wave action, whereas the reduction of wave energy created deposition landforms. This paper presents an analysis of the coastal landforms caused by deposition and erosion along the shoreline in the sector between Punta Brava and Punta Betín, Santa Marta region, Colombian Caribbean. On the other hand, it is a contribution to the geological knowledge of the Geotectonic Province of Santa Marta and emerges as an alternative solution to various problems. It also promotes research on this region regarding other factors such as the increasing marine activity, population in coastal areas, development of tourism, as well as a series of geological evolutionary processes that reflect in coastal morphology. Coastal landforms are valuable environmental, aesthetic, and recreational resources that are subject to natural processes as well as to the effects of human activities. The results of this study can provide a sound basis for sustainable planning and management of the territory. © 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Key words: Coastal landforms; Santa Marta; Geotectonic province; Colombian Caribbean; Evolutionary processes.Geoformas costeras causadas por depositación y erosión a lo largo de la línea costera entre Punta Brava y Punta Betín, Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano ResumenLas costas son sistemas naturales dinámicos que cambian constantemente. La evolución del paisaje costero está fuertemente influenciada por varios factores, tales como el cambio del nivel del mar, la disponibilidad de sedimento y los procesos costeros. Sin embargo, la configuración tectónica de la costa y la tasa de aumento del nivel del mar pueden ser también factores importantes a tener en cuenta. Las geoformas costeras son una consecuencia de la operación simultánea de procesos de erosión, transporte y deposición y han evolucionado durante un periodo de tiempo geológicamente corto; varios de dichos procesos han sido el resultado casi exclusivo de la acción de las olas del mar. Las geoformas costeras de erosión más espectaculares y dramáticas del mundo se deben a la acción del oleaje, mientras que las formas deposicionales se producen por la reducción de la energía de las olas. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las geoformas costeras entre Punta Brava y Punta Betín, en Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano. Por otra parte, es una contribución al conocimiento geológico de la Provincia Geotectó...

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Receiver functions and crustal structure of the northwestern Andean region, Colombia

2015

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We used the receiver function technique to deduce crustal thickness beneath the northwestern Andean system, using data from the permanent seismic network of Colombia, combined with some of the IRIS and CTBTO stations in Colombia and Ecuador. The estimation of crustal thickness was made using the primary P to s conversion and crustal reverberations. The bulk crustal V P /V S ratio was constrained using a crustal thickness versus V P /V S stacking method, in addition to estimations using a time to depth conversion technique based on results of a modified Wadati diagram analysis. We observed a wide range of crustal thicknesses, including values around 17 km beneath the Malpelo Island on the Pacific Ocean, 20 to 30 km at the coastal Pacific and Caribbean plains of Colombia, 25 to 40 km beneath the eastern plains and foothills, 35 km beneath the Western Cordillera, 45 km at the Magdalena River intermountain valley, 52 to 58 km under the northern Central Cordillera, and reaching almost 60 km beneath some of the volcanoes of the Southern Cordilleran system of Colombia; crustal thickness can be slightly greater than 60 km beneath the plateau of the Eastern Cordillera. The values of V P /V S are particularly high for some of the stations on the volcanic centers, reaching values above 1.79, probably related to the addition of mafic materials to the lower crust, and in the plateau of the Eastern Cordillera near Bogota, where we speculate about the possibility of crustal seismic anisotropy associated with shear zones.

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Geologic Evolution of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Northeastern Colombia

Cited by 168 publications

References 0 publications

The Palynology of the Cerrejon Formation (Upper Paleocene) of Northern Colombia

The Palynology of the Cerrejon Formation (Upper Paleocene) of Northern Colombia

Coastal landforms caused by deposition and erosion along the shoreline between Punta Brava and Punta Betín, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean

Receiver functions and crustal structure of the northwestern Andean region, Colombia

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