Geography and Income Convergence Among Brazilian States

Azzoni, Carlos Roberto; Filho, Naércio Aquino Menezes; Menezes, Tatiana de; Silveira-Neto, Raul

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1814668

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These differences are driven primarily between the huge gaps in the level of development between northern 22 and southern Brazil. There are large human capital differences between north and south which are assuredly only imperfectly captured by our coarse control variables and which are correlated with the weather (Azzoni et al, 2000). There are also differences in the level of capital stock and infrastructure.…”

Section: Real Wages and Amenitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is Different About Urbanization in Rich and Poor Countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States

et al. 2016

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Are the well-known facts about urbanization in the United States also true for the developing world? We compare American metropolitan areas with comparable geographic units in Brazil, China and India. Both Gibrat's Law and Zipf's Law seem to hold as well in Brazil as in the U.S., but China and India look quite different. In Brazil and China, the implications of the spatial equilibrium hypothesis, the central organizing idea of urban economics, are not rejected. The India data, however, repeatedly rejects tests inspired by the spatial equilibrium assumption. One hypothesis is that the spatial equilibrium only emerges with economic development, as markets replace social relationships and as human capital spreads more widely. In all four countries there is strong evidence of agglomeration economies and human capital externalities. The correlation between density and earnings is stronger in both China and India than in the U.S., strongest in China. In India the gap between urban and rural wages is huge, but the correlation between city size and earnings is modest. The cross-sectional relationship between area-level skills and both earnings and area-level growth are also stronger in the developing world than in the U.S. The forces that drive urban success seem similar in the rich and poor world, even if limited migration and difficult housing markets make it harder for a spatial equilibrium to develop.

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Section: Real Wages and Amenitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is Different About Urbanization in Rich and Poor Countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States

et al. 2016

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“…To our knowledge, the only study that uses this approach is Azzoni et al (2000) who explain per capita income by geographic variables, labour force and human capital variables. They find conditional income convergence across Brazilian states.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agglomeration Externalities and 1981-2006 Regional Growth in Brazil

Matlaba

Holmes

McCann³

et al. 2012

Chiikigaku Kenkyu (Studies in Regional Science)

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This paper focuses on manufacturing employment growth across the 26 states of Brazil. We employ the Glaeser et al. (1992) approach to identify the role played by knowledge externalities in growth and convergence. To assess robustness of the results, we compare cross-section models, dynamic panel models and pooled-periods fixed-effect models. We find that cross-section models confirm the positive impact of Porter's and Jacobs' competition externalities on growth, whereas dynamic panel models and pooled-periods fixed-effect

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“…According to our estimates, The Gini coefficient of the distribution of municipal GDP per capita was above 0.45 in 1872 and remained above 0.4 from 1940 to 1980 when it started declining to reach 0.3 in 2000. Moreover, Theil decomposition exercises show that the contribution of the interregional component to inequality of municipal GDP per capita increased systematically from 20% in 1872 to almost 50% in 2000 (Barros et al 1995;Azzoni 1997Azzoni , 1999Azzoni et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Perspectives on Regional Income Inequality in Brazil, 1872–2000

Reis

2017

Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction?

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Geography and Income Convergence Among Brazilian States

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

What is Different About Urbanization in Rich and Poor Countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States

What is Different About Urbanization in Rich and Poor Countries? Cities in Brazil, China, India and the United States

Agglomeration Externalities and 1981-2006 Regional Growth in Brazil

Historical Perspectives on Regional Income Inequality in Brazil, 1872–2000

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