Geographical range size and latitude predict population genetic structure in a global survey

Pelletier, Tara A.; Carstens, Bryan C.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0566

Cited by 55 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…A species’ range size and dispersal abilities also influence the extent of gene flow between core and edge populations, affecting the maintenance of genetic diversity (Bohonak, ; Martinez et al, ; Pelletier & Carstens, ; Willoughby et al, ). For example, having a large geographic range but being mobility‐limited, such as in small rodents, reduces the likelihood of gene flow between northern and southern populations strictly because these would be so far apart.…”

Section: Review: Understanding the Latitudinal Gradient Of Biodiversimentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity

Lawrence

Fraser

2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Motivation Theory describing biodiversity gradients has focused on species richness with less conceptual synthesis outlining expectations for intraspecific diversity gradients, that is, broad‐scale population richness and genetic diversity. Consequently, there is a need for a diversity–gradient synthesis that complements species richness with population richness and genetic diversity. Review methods Species and population richness are the number of different species or populations in an area, respectively. Population richness can be totalled across species, within a species or averaged across species. Genetic diversity within populations can be summed or averaged across all species in an area or be averaged across an individual species. Using these definitions, we apply historical, ecological and evolutionary frameworks of species richness gradients to formulate predictions for intraspecific diversity gradients. Review conclusions All frameworks suggest higher average population richness at high latitudes, but similar total population richness across latitudes. Predictions for genetic diversity patterns across species are not consistent across frameworks and latitudes. New analysis methods Species range size tends to increase with latitude, so we used empirical data from c. 900 vertebrate species to test hypotheses relating species range size and richness to population richness and genetic diversity. New analysis conclusions Species range size was positively associated with its population richness but not with species‐specific genetic diversity. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was supported between species richness and total population richness, but only weakly for average population richness. Overall conclusion Through the lens of species richness theories, our synthesis identifies an uncoupling between species richness, population richness and genetic diversity in many instances due to historical and contemporary factors. Range size and taxonomic differences appear to play a large role in moderating intraspecific diversity gradients. We encourage further analyses to jointly assess diversity–gradient theory at species, population and genetic levels towards better understanding Earth’s biodiversity distribution and refining biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Review: Understanding the Latitudinal Gradient Of Biodiversimentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity

Lawrence

Fraser

2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…Large‐scale spatial patterns are key for inferring the potential drivers of biological diversity (Willig, Kaufman, & Stevens, ), which is usually measured at the species level (Diniz‐Filho et al., ). However, large‐scale patterns of genetic diversity are largely unknown (but see Miraldo et al., ; Pelletier & Carstens, ) even though they are a fundamental facet of biological diversity (Blanchet, Prunier, & Kort, ; Diniz‐Filho et al., ). Concordance in the geographical distribution of molecular variants of different species has been used to infer common historical processes (comparative phylogeography; Arbogast & Kenagy, ), but little is known about the broad‐scale spatial regularities of genetic variation across higher taxa (i.e., genetic diversity of full communities; but see, e.g., Paz‐Vinas, Loot, Stevens, & Blanchet, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding dispersal limitation through the assessment of diversity patterns across phylogenetic scales below the species level

Gómez‐Rodríguez

Miller

Castillejo

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim We show how macroecological patterns at different phylogenetic scales below the species level may aid the identification of the predominant process controlling biological assemblages (niche versus dispersal). We compare two taxa with different ecological and dispersal requirements (terrestrial molluscs and leaf beetles) in the same geographical setting. Location Iberian Peninsula. Time period 2010–2015. Major taxa Terrestrial molluscs and leaf beetles. Methods The cox1‐5′ fragment was sequenced for 1,592 mollusc specimens in 20 localities. Leaf beetle assemblages had been sequenced previously in 15 of these localities. Species richness, distance decay of similarity, endemism and range size were measured at two levels: molecular variants (i.e., haplotypes) and putative species (i.e., operational taxonomic units). Using a multi‐hierarchical macroecology approach, distance‐decay patterns were measured at multiple intermediate genealogical levels (nested clades) to assess whether the geometry of the ranges of lineages followed a fractal pattern. Results Richness and distance‐decay patterns at both molecular variant and species levels were different in leaf beetles and terrestrial molluscs, although both taxa showed a fractal pattern in the distance decay of similarity across genealogical levels. The self‐similarity of the distance‐decay pattern across phylogenetic scales suggests a predominance of neutral, but limited, dispersal driving macroecological patterns in both taxa. Endemism was similar in both taxa at the level of molecular variants but higher at the species level in terrestrial molluscs, and range size was smaller at both levels in terrestrial molluscs. Taken altogether, our results suggest that dispersal limitation is stronger in terrestrial molluscs. Main conclusion The assessment of how diversity patterns change at different phylogenetic scales below the species level allowed us to identify unifying characteristics in otherwise seemingly heterogeneous biological systems. Congruence was observed in diversity patterns of leaf beetles and terrestrial molluscs, suggesting that dispersal is a relevant process in both taxa but acts at a different strength.

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“…The use of supervised machine learning to detect variables that predict patterns of genetic variation enables comparative phylogeography to be expanded to continental or global scales. For example, Pelletier and Carstens () examined 8,000 fungi, plants, and animals on a global scale to identify aspects of the species range (i.e., total size, latitude, elevation) as important predictors of which species contain structured genetic variation. They did this by testing for isolation by distance and environment within each species and building a set of predictor variables that include organismal trait data related to metabolism along with other variables measuring aspects of the species range, habitat, and taxonomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating life history traits into predictive phylogeography

et al. 2019

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Predictive phylogeography seeks to aggregate genetic, environmental and taxonomic data from multiple species in order to make predictions about unsampled taxa using machine‐learning techniques such as Random Forests. To date, organismal trait data have infrequently been incorporated into predictive frameworks due to difficulties inherent to the scoring of trait data across a taxonomically broad set of taxa. We refine predictive frameworks from two North American systems, the inland temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest and the Southwestern Arid Lands (SWAL), by incorporating a number of organismal trait variables. Our results indicate that incorporating life history traits as predictor variables improves the performance of the supervised machine‐learning approach to predictive phylogeography, especially for the SWAL system, in which predictions made from only taxonomic and climate variables meets only moderate success. In particular, traits related to reproduction (e.g., reproductive mode; clutch size) and trophic level appear to be particularly informative to the predictive framework. Predictive frameworks offer an important mechanism for integration of organismal trait, environmental data, and genetic data in phylogeographic studies.

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Geographical range size and latitude predict population genetic structure in a global survey

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity

Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity

Understanding dispersal limitation through the assessment of diversity patterns across phylogenetic scales below the species level

Integrating life history traits into predictive phylogeography

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