Geographical mapping and associated fractal analysis of the long-lived Chernobyl fallout radionuclides in Greece

Petropoulos, N.P.; Anagnostakis, M.J.; Hinis, E.P.; Simopoulos, S.E.

doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00111-9

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Local experts provided dose estimates for Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation, where extensive work has been undertaken developing and validating methods for dose reconstruction (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . For less affected European countries, information on country-specific radiation data and dose estimates was either obtained from local experts: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Lithuania and Switzerland; and/or from published data: Austria (24)(25)(26)(27)(28) , Belgium (29) , Bulgaria (30) , Croatia (31,32) , the Czech Republic (33,34) , Estonia (35) , Finland (36) , France (37) , Greece (38,39) , Hungary (40) , Italy (41,42) , Lithuania (43,44) , Norway (45,46) , Serbia and Montenegro (47) , Slovakia (48,49) , Sweden (50) , Switzerland (51) and the United Kingdom (52,53) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

Drozdovitch¹,

Bouville²,

Chobanova³

et al. 2007

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of the Chernobyl accident on the global burden of human cancer in Europe. This required the estimation of radiation doses in each of the 40 European countries. Dose estimation was based on the analysis and compilation of data either published in the scientific literature or provided by local experts. Considerable variability has been observed in exposure levels among the European populations. The average individual doses to the thyroid from the intake of 131 I for children aged 1 y were found to vary from $0.01 mGy in Portugal up to 750 mGy in Gomel Oblast (Belarus). Thyroid doses to adults were consistently lower than the doses received by young children. The average individual effective doses from external exposure and ingestion of long-lived radiocaesium accrued in the period 1986-2005 varied from $0 in Portugal to $10 mSv in Gomel Oblast (Belarus) and Bryansk Oblast (Russia). The uncertainties in the dose estimates were subjectively estimated on the basis of the availability and reliability of the radiation data that were used for dose reconstruction in each country.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

Drozdovitch¹,

Bouville²,

Chobanova³

et al. 2007

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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“…Some radioactive fallout did reach Greece immediately after the disaster 28 , however, no significant link between the Chernobyl disaster and neoplastic disease has been observed in the country 29,30 . Furthermore, thus far, an increased incidence of TC has only been definitively shown for children living in the vicinity of the nuclear accident area 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentiated thyroid cancer in Greece: 1963-2000. Relation to demographic and environmental factors

Ilias¹,

Alevizaki²,

Lakka-Papadodima³

et al. 2002

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Thyroid cancer (TC) is a relatively rare neoplasia, accounting for 0.35%-0.38% of total deaths due to cancer in Greece. Environmental/nutritional factors are considered to play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this retrospective review of patients histories from three of the largest specialized centers in southern Greece, from 1963 to 2000, was to assess associations of differentiated TC (DTC) with demographic and environmental factors. The total number of DTC cases was 610 (119 men or 19.5%, and 491 women or 80.5%), of which 442 cases (72%) were papillary DTCs (pure papillary type: 54.5% and mixed papillary-follicular type: 45.5%), 90 cases (15%) were of the pure follicular type, while 78 cases (13%) were classified as suspicious lesions, requiring follow-up, but not definitively carcinomas. The mean age (±SD) at diagnosis for all groups was 42.3±1.3 years. Fifty percent of the patients were living in Athens at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis was delayed in patients living in villages compared to those living in cities (mean age ±SD): 43.7±14.1 years and 40.9±13.8 years, respectively; p<0.05, t-test). Patients who were born in iodine-sufficient areas (n=162/193, 84%; X 2 =5.09, P=0.02) had papillary carcinoma more frequently compared to patients who were born in previously iodine-deficient areas (n=159/214, 74%). During the observation period (19632000) there appeared to be three different trends in the incidence of newly diagnosed cases: a random variation during the first nine years and a steady increase during the second two decades (starting before the Chernobyl nuclear accident) followed by a significant decline during the last few years. We suggest that the observed variations in the incidence of DTC could be related to the availability of diagnostic tools as well as to increased awareness.

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“…Within the exclusion zone, extending 30 km from the plant, more than 90% of the radioactive contamination was in the form of fuel particles (Kashparov et al, 1999 (Petropoulos et al, 2001). …”

Section: Short-term Behavior Of Radionuclides In the Environment -Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Siegel

Bryan

2003

Treatise on Geochemistry

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This report attempts to describe the geochemical foundations of the behavior of radionuclides in the environment. The information is obtained and applied in three interacting spheres of inquiry and analysis: 1) experimental studies and theoretical calculations, 2) field studies of contaminated and natural analog sites and 3) model predictions of radionuclide behavior in remediation and waste disposal. Analyses of the risks from radioactive contamination require estimation of the rates of release and dispersion of the radionuclides through potential exposure pathways. These processes are controlled by solubility, speciation, sorption, and colloidal transport, which are strong functions of the compositions of the groundwater and geomedia as well as the atomic structure of the radionuclides.The chemistry of the fission products is relatively simple compared to the actinides. Because of their relatively short half-lives, fission products account for a large fraction of the radioactivity in nuclear waste for the first several hundred years but do not represent a long-term hazard in the environment. The chemistry of the longer-lived actinides is complex; however, some trends in their behavior can be described. Actinide elements of a given oxidation state have either similar or systematically varying chemical properties due to similarities in ionic size, coordination number, valence, and electron structure. In dilute aqueous systems at neutral to basic pH, the dominant actinide species are hydroxy-and carbonato-complexes, and the solubility-limiting solid phases are commonly oxides, hydroxides or carbonates. In general, actinide sorption will decrease in the presence of ligands that complex with the radionuclide; sorption of the (IV) species of actinides (Np, Pu, U) is generally greater than of the (V) species.The geochemistry of key radionuclides in three different environments is described in this report. These include: 1) low ionic strength reducing waters from crystalline rocks at nuclear waste research 4 sites in Sweden; 2) oxic water from the J-13 well at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the site of a proposed repository for high level nuclear waste (HLW) in tuffaceous rocks; and 3) reference brines associated with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The transport behaviors of radionuclides associated with the Chernobyl reactor accident and the Oklo Natural Reactor are described. These examples span wide temporal and spatial scales and include the rapid geochemical and physical processes important to nuclear reactor accidents or industrial discharges as well as the slower processes important to the geologic disposal of nuclear waste.Application of geochemical information to remediating or assessing the risk posed by radioactive contamination is the final subject of this report. After radioactive source terms have been removed, large volumes of soil and water with low but potentially hazardous levels of contamination may remain. For poorly-sorbing radionuclides, capture of contaminated water and removal of radi...

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Geographical mapping and associated fractal analysis of the long-lived Chernobyl fallout radionuclides in Greece

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

Differentiated thyroid cancer in Greece: 1963-2000. Relation to demographic and environmental factors

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

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