Geographical distribution and accumulation features of PBDEs in human breast milk from Indonesia

Levels and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from Shanghai: Implication for exposure route of higher brominated BDEs

“…These concentrations are comparable to those reported in human milk in Nanjing (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b), Tianjin (Zhu et al, 2009b) and Guangzhou (Bi et al, 2006), suggesting that the mean level reported here may represent the background levels of lower brominated BDEs (from tri-to heptaBDEs) in Chinese human milk. Compared with the general populations in other countries (Table 2), the PBDEs concentrations in milk in this study fell within the same range as those reported in Asian countries such as Japan (Eslami et al, 2006;Inoue et al, 2006), Indonesia (Sudaryanto et al, 2008a), Korea (Haraguchi et al, 2009), and the Philippines (Malarvannan et al, 2009), and from European countries such as Norway (Thomsen et al, 2010), France (Antignac et al, 2009), Spain (Gömara et al, 2007) and Belgium (Colles et al, 2008). The concentrations found in our study were slightly lower than those in the United Kingdom (Kalantzi et al, 2004) and Australia (Toms et al, 2007), and were one order of magnitude lower than those reported in the United States (Schecter et al, 2003).…”

“…These results were similar to those in other studies concerning the general population (Table 2) in France (58%) (Antignac et al, 2009) and Nanjing, Eastern China (65%) (Sudaryanto et al, 2008b). Our findings were also similar to the profiles in human milk obtained from the general population in Madrid, Spain (Gömara et al, 2007), Japan , the Philippines (Malarvannan et al, 2009) and Indonesia (Sudaryanto et al, 2008a), where a relatively higher proportion of PBDEs from octa-to deca-BDEs were detected.…”

Evaluation of liver and thyroid toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether BDE-209

“…A recent study detected BDE-209 in the milk of 13% of Indonesian women at concentrations of 3.6 ng/ g lipid wt. (Sudaryanto et al, 2008). Compared with the other PBDE congeners such as BDE-47 and BDE-99, BDE-209 was detected only at low frequency in human samples because environmental exposure appears to be the main pathway.…”

Congener Specific Profiles and Exposure Pathways of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Breast Milk of Chuncheon Area

“…n: number of samples. 본 연구의 모유 중 ∑PBDEs 농도 수준은 폴란드 [17], 독일 [43], 이탈리아 [15] 등 몇몇 유럽국가와 일본 [9], 중국 [2], 대만 [6] 등 동아시아지역과 유사한 수준을 나타내었지만 일부 아시 아국가(베트남 [37], 인도네시아 [38]) 보다는 다소 높았고 호주 [40] ( Table 5). 또한, 모유 시료에서 penta-및 octa-BDEs의 상업적 제품의 분포평가에서 BDE-47, -99 및 -100의 합과 BDE-153, -154, -183의 합의 비(R)는 미국, 캐나다 및 호주의 모유시료에 서 높은 비율이 나타났고, 한국, 일본 등 아시아와 유럽 국가들 은 낮게 나타났다 (Fig.…”