Geographic variation in orangutan diets

Russon, Anne E.; Wich, Serge A.; Ancrenaz, Marc; Kanamori, Tomoko; Knott, Cheryl D.; Kuze, Noko; Morrogh‐Bernard, Helen C.; Pratje, Peter-Hinrich; Ramlee, Hatta; Rodman, Peter S.; Sawang, A; Sidiyasa, Kade; Singleton, Ian; Schaik, Carel P. van; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; Setia, Tatang Mitra

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213276.003.0009

Cited by 97 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Eugenia jambos, Eugenia curtisii, Litsea cubeba and Laurus nobilis were the most common species in the Tripa area, dominating all types of forest. Ten dominant tree species found in Tripa (including E. jambos as most common species) were identified as sources of orangutan food by Russon et al (2007).…”

Section: Biodiversity and Environmental Services (Q Iv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

Tata

Noordwijk

Ruysschaert³

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Tripa is the last remaining peat-swamp forest that harbours a potentially viable Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) sub-population in a formally but not effectively protected area. It appears to be a simple showcase where current efforts to financially support reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) converge with biodiversity and social co-benefits. In practice, however, situation is more complex. REDD+ efforts interact with global palm oil trade and regulatory approaches (the moratorium) to achieve national goals for emissions reduction under umbrella of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA). To contextualize this debate, we assessed (i) land-use history and formal basis of palm-oil companies' rights; (ii) carbon (C) stocks, historical emission levels and potential emissions that can be avoided; (iii) economic benefits of land-use options and opportunity costs of avoiding emissions; (iv) biodiversity and environmental services; and (v) alternative options for "high C stock development" and employment generation. Natural forest cover declined (54 % in 1995, 18 % in 2009) . While 41 % of these emissions yield less than American Dollar (USD) 5 of current economic benefits per Mg CO 2 e emitted and might be compensated by REDD+, nearly all new emissions derive from a breach of existing laws, regulations and voluntary palm-oil standards. Substantial investment in alternative employment is needed, rather than carbon payments per se, to support livelihoods in a low carbon emissions economy.

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Section: Biodiversity and Environmental Services (Q Iv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

Tata

Noordwijk

Ruysschaert³

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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“…identified two tolerance levels for animals exposed to disturbance: (1) intolerant animals -those which have narrow ecological niches and are mainly frugivorous, faunivorous, carnivorous or insectivorous -and (2) tolerant animals -mainly herbivorous or more 'omnivorous' animals (forest generalists). Although orang-utans are considered to be mainly frugivorous, they can be flexible when required by including more barks and piths into their diet [Russon et al ., 2009]. Thus, orang-utans, particularly the Bornean species, are reasonably tolerant of logging disturbance, with their presence being recorded at sustainable densities in logged habitat Ancrenaz et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Scale Habitat Use by Orang-Utans in a Disturbed Peat Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, and Implications for Conservation Management

Morrogh‐Bernard

Husson²,

Harsanto³

et al. 2014

Folia Primatol

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This study was conducted to see how orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) were coping with fine-scale habitat disturbance in a selectively logged peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Borneo. Seven habitat classes were defined, and orang-utans were found to use all of these, but were selective in their preference for certain classes over others. Overall, the tall forest classes (≥20 m) were preferred. They were preferred for feeding, irrespective of canopy connectivity, whereas classes with a connected canopy (canopy cover ≥75%), irrespective of canopy height, were preferred for resting and nesting, suggesting that tall trees are preferred for feeding and connected canopy for security and protection. The smaller forest classes (≤10 m high) were least preferred and were used mainly for travelling from patch to patch. Thus, selective logging is demonstrated here to be compatible with orang-utan survival as long as large food trees and patches of primary forest remain. Logged forest, therefore, should not automatically be designated as ‘degraded'. These findings have important implications for forest management, forest classification and the designation of protected areas for orang-utan conservation.

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“…This could be explained by the distribution of the edible mushrooms, the fact that only adult females have been seen to consume mushrooms and/or the placement of the camera traps (which are placed to focus on clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) [Cheyne et al, 2013] Mushrooms provide little energy for most animals as they are difficult to digest [Claridge et al, 1999]. Yet foregut fermenters are able to extract more of the mushrooms' protein [Grueter et al, 2009;Tsuji et al, 2013], as is the case in marsupials [Claridge and Cork, 1994;McIlwee and Johnson, 1998] and it would be interesting to compare the diet of sympatric primates, e.g., orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus), which are regularly seen to consume mushrooms in Sebangau and other sites [Galdikas, 1988;Harrison, 2009;Russon et al, 2009].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Cut to Mushrooms – Red Langur (Presbytis rubicunda) Consumption of Terrestrial Fungus

et al. 2019

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We report the first in-depth evidence of targeted mushroom foraging in an Asian colobine. Using direct observations (2010–2018) and camera traps (2008–2018) in the Sebangau Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, we show how adult female red langurs (Presbytis rubicunda) are regularly descending to the ground to consume mushrooms. We recorded 82 counts (0.36% of all focal observations, n = 25,502) of the focal adult langur on the ground from direct observations of habituated groups, and 80 independent images/videos of red langurs on the ground were obtained from the camera traps representing 1.12% of total images (n = 7,145). Mushroom consumption took place in 4 families, representing 0.04% of total focal behaviour observations and 24.3% of total time feeding on the ground. From the camera trap photos, red langurs are spending 20% of time on the ground feeding. We speculate that mushrooms could be a supplementary food for adult female langurs as there is an increase in consumption in April and November.

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Geographic variation in orangutan diets

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

Fine-Scale Habitat Use by Orang-Utans in a Disturbed Peat Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, and Implications for Conservation Management

A Short Cut to Mushrooms – Red Langur (Presbytis rubicunda) Consumption of Terrestrial Fungus

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