Geographic Distribution of Penicillin-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Characterization by Penicillin-Binding Protein Profile, Surface Protein A Typing, and Multilocus Enzyme Analysis

Múñoz, Rosario; Musser, James M.; Crain, Marilyn J.; Briles, David E.; Marton, A; Parkinson, Alan J.; Sørensen, Uffe B. Skov; Tomasz, Alexander

doi:10.1093/clinids/15.1.112

Cited by 168 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A smaller group of the isolates tested (55 of 814) showed different hybridization profiles: 48 of the 55 strains reacted with the MurMBI probe only, and PFGE analysis demonstrated that the great majority (45 of 48) of these strains be-longed to the penicillin-resistant serotype 19 Hungarian clone of S. pneumoniae (11). On the other hand, isolates were also detected which showed variation in the murM allele in spite of the fact that they belonged to the same clonal type (as defined by PFGE and other shared properties).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the Mosaic Structured murM Genes among Natural Populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2000

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The presence and sequence variation of the murM gene were studied in a large collection (814 strains) of genetically diverse Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which included 27 different serogroups and both penicillin-resistant (423 isolates, 67 pulsed-field gel electrophoretic [PFGE] types) and intermediately penicillinresistant (165 isolates, 66 PFGE types) and penicillin-susceptible (226 isolates, 135 PFGE types) strains. Diversity of the murM sequences was tested by hybridization with mainly two kinds of probes: one derived from the amplification of the nucleotide sequence between nucleotides 201 and 624 in the penicillin-susceptible laboratory strain R36A (murMA probe) and a second probe that amplified the comparable, highly divergent sequence in the penicillin-resistant strain Pen6 (murMB probe). The great majority of the strains (761 of 814), including both penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant isolates, reacted exclusively with the murMA probe. A smaller group of penicillin-resistant strains (48 of 814 isolates) reacted only with the murMB DNA probe, and an additional 5 isolates reacted with both probes. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the peptidoglycan of strains hybridizing with murMB showed that they invariably contained an increased proportion of branched peptides. Complete sequencing of murM from a group of penicillin-resistant isolates allowed the identification of a number of different murMB alleles that differed in the length and exact position of the divergent (Pen6 type) sequences within the particular murM. The close similarity of these divergent sequences in the various murM alleles suggests a possible common heterologous origin.Alteration of penicillin target proteins, the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), as a mechanism of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, was first demonstrated by titration of the penicillin binding capacity of PBPs in several highly ␤-lactam-resistant isolates from South Africa (17). The PBPs of resistant strains were shown to have radically reduced affinities and/or binding capacities for the antibiotic molecule. Soon afterwards it was also noted that the cell wall peptidoglycan of the resistant strains from South Africa also had an abnormal chemical composition in which the proportion of branched muropeptides carrying an alanyl-serine or alanyl-alanine substituent on the lysine epsilon amino group of the stem peptide residues was significantly higher than the representation of these branched muropeptides in the cell wall of susceptible pneumococci. Using the South African isolates as DNA donors, both the abnormal low affinity of PBPs and the abnormal composition of the cell wall could be transferred to susceptible pneumococci in a multistep process of genetic transformation in which resistance to penicillin was the selective agent (7,17).An increased proportion of branched peptides was subsequently also demonstrated in several additional penicillin-resistant isolates from South Africa, Hungary, and the Czech Republic (6, 14)...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the Mosaic Structured murM Genes among Natural Populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2000

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“…Within the last 25 years, we have witnessed the emergence of penicillin-and multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae clones, a number of which have spread worldwide. Certain serotypes, this time 6B, 9V, 14 19A, 19F, and 23F, have also dominated this new population, and many of the worldwide clones have appeared with different capsular types (28,30,37). The most successful clone in terms of geographical dispersion and prevalence is the multidrug-resistant Spain 23F -1 pandemic clone, nine serotype variants of which have been identified so far, including all six of those listed above, in addition to serotypes 3, 9N, and 11 (3, 10, 31; http://www.mlst.net).…”

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Single-Step Capsular Transformation and Acquisition of Penicillin Resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae

2004

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The capsule (cps) locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae is flanked by the pbp2x and pbp1a genes, coding for penicillin-binding proteins, enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis that are targets for ␤-lactams. This linkage suggested to us that selection for ␤-lactam resistance might coselect for capsular transformants. The recombination event would then involve PBP genes, as well as the cps operon, and would change both the serotype and the resistance profile of the strain. We transformed ␤-lactam-susceptible strain TIGR4 by using whole genomic DNA extracted from multidrug-resistant strain GA71, a serotype 19F variant of pneumococcal clone Spain 23F -1, and selected ␤-lactam-resistant transformants. Smooth colonies appearing on selective plates were subcultured, serotyped by the Quellung reaction, and genotyped to confirm the presence of the GA71 pbp2x-cps19-pbp1a locus in the TIGR4 genetic background by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the whole locus and its flanking regions. The results showed that a new serotype, combined with resistance to ␤-lactams, could emerge in a susceptible strain via a single transformation event. Quantitative analysis showed that transfer of the cps locus had occurred at an elevated rate in ␤-lactam-selected transformants. This suggests that in natural settings selection by host immunity and selection by antibiotics may be interrelated because of "hitchhiking" effects due to linkage of resistance determinants and the capsule locus.

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“…These clones were genetically distinct from the previously reported Spanish 23F and 19F clones in Europe and the United States but similar to clones reported from other areas of Taiwan (27). Molecular typing studies of PEN-resistant S. pneumoniae from several countries suggest that the majority of strains circulating within a geographic area are derivatives of a relatively small number of clonal lineages (22,26). However, with the limited number of isolates tested, the precise prevalence of these two PEN-, cephalosporin-, and macrolide-resistant clones in Taiwan remains undetermined.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Penicillin-, Cephalosporin-, and Macrolide-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 23F and 19F in Taiwan Which Differ from International Epidemic Clones

Chiou

McEllistrem

2001

J Clin Microbiol

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A cluster (14 of 18) of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F isolates that were resistant to penicillin (PEN), cephalosporin, and macrolide was found in one day care center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. We analyzed the 18 isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All but one serotype 23F isolate demonstrated identical PFGE patterns, which were different from the established pattern of the internationally spread Spanish 23F clone. The three strains of serotype 19F also showed a uniform pattern. These data strongly suggest that two novel clones of PEN-, cephalosporin-, and macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae serotypes 23F and 19F are present in Taiwan.

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Geographic Distribution of Penicillin-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Characterization by Penicillin-Binding Protein Profile, Surface Protein A Typing, and Multilocus Enzyme Analysis

Cited by 168 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution of the Mosaic Structured murM Genes among Natural Populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Distribution of the Mosaic Structured murM Genes among Natural Populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Single-Step Capsular Transformation and Acquisition of Penicillin Resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae

Novel Penicillin-, Cephalosporin-, and Macrolide-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 23F and 19F in Taiwan Which Differ from International Epidemic Clones

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