Novel Penicillin-, Cephalosporin-, and Macrolide-Resistant Clones of
            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            Serotypes 23F and 19F in Taiwan Which Differ from International Epidemic Clones

Chiou, Christine C.; McEllistrem, M. Catherine

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.3.1144-1147.2001

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…None of the isolates had penicillin MICs that were indicative of penicillin resistance. The proportion of PNSP isolates observed in the present study is comparable to that of other European countries, e.g., Portugal, Belguim, and Italy, but is considerably lower than that of Spain (34% [4]), Greece (30.4% [28]), and Turkey (54% [41]) and of some non-European countries, including Taiwan (56.4% [6]), Hong Kong (55% [23,24]), and the United States (44% [9]). …”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella And supporting

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Penicillin Susceptibility and Epidemiological Typing of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the Republic of Ireland

et al. 2003

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A national study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Ireland and to examine the associated isolates. In 1999, 144 S. pneumoniae isolates, all recovered from cases of invasive disease, were received from 12 microbiology laboratories. The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was estimated to be 6.6/100,000 population. All isolates were analyzed for serotype, penicillin susceptibility, chromosomal relatedness (by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]), and penicillin-binding protein (pbp) fingerprinting. Several findings of note were observed regarding the pneumococcal population in Ireland. First, isolates of 25 different serotypes were represented, with serotypes 14, 9V, 8, 5, 4, and 3 being the most common. This finding, together with the pbp fingerprinting and PFGE typing results, indicated the clonal spread of strains of these serotypes in Ireland. Second, 27 (18.7%) isolates had reduced susceptibility to penicillin, and 74% of these were serotype 9V. Of these, 80% appeared to belong to the same clone. This could suggest the spread of the international Spanish/French 9V penicillin-resistant clone into Ireland. Third, nine different pbp genotypes were identified, four of which were new. Two pbp genotypes accounted for the majority of isolates dividing them according to their penicillin susceptibility status but irrespective of serotype and PFGE type. This is strong evidence for the occurrence of horizontal transfer of pbp genes between strains, observed with both penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates. Fourth, there was evidence of serotype transformation since isolates, indistinguishable by pbp fingerprinting and PFGE typing, expressed different capsular types.

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Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella And supporting

confidence: 56%

“…These serotypes, among others, have been the most prevalent in studies of IPD in other countries (28,39,41), including England and Wales (34). However, in some countries serotypes 1,6,7,8,19, and 23, along with serotype 14, are the most prevalent (1,5,12,22,43,46).…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin Susceptibility and Epidemiological Typing of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the Republic of Ireland

et al. 2003

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“…24 From 1989-1993, the prevalence of resistance among pneumococci to these antimicrobials had increased to 35%, 9%, and 13%, respectively (all statistically significant increases). 24 Resistance soon became a worldwide phenomenon, in large part due to the international spread of a small number of multiresistant clones, 25 but also by the selection of unrelated strains with modified penicillin-binding proteins (the mechanism for penicillin resistance in pneumococci). 26,27 The alarming trend of resistance not only to penicillin but also to cephalosporins and macrolides has led to concern about these agents in the empiric treatment of clinical diseases often caused by the pneumococcus (such as community-acquired pneumonia) and the development of other classes of antimicrobials with antipneumococcal activity.…”

Section: History Of the Treatment And Prevention Of Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Description of the Pathogen, Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

Bridy-Pappas¹,

Margolis²,

Center³

et al. 2005

Pharmacotherapy

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Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality. Children younger than 2 years and individuals older than 65 years experience the highest rates of pneumococcal disease. Efforts to treat pneumococcal disease have been complicated by increasing resistance to antimicrobials. Prevention efforts have included the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, with use of these vaccines targeted to those at highest risk for disease. Information and background on S. pneumoniae and pneumococcal disease are provided. Vaccines targeted at this pathogen are reviewed, and the clinical trials that evaluated their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness are summarized. Also provided are recommendations for use of these vaccines.

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“…In Taiwan, the rate of resistance to penicillin, other ␤-lactam antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and macrolides among S. pneumoniae isolates is remarkably high (4,10,(15)(16)(17)30). Ciprofloxacin has been available since 1990, and levofloxacin was introduced in 2000.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telithromycin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan with High Prevalence of Resistance to Macrolides and β-Lactams: SMART Program 2001 Data

Hsueh

Teng

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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There is a high prevalence of ␤-lactam-and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan. To understand the in vitro susceptibilities of recent isolates of S. pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones and telithromycin (which is not available in Taiwan), the MICs of 23 antimicrobial agents for 936 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae isolated from different parts of Taiwan from 2000 to 2001 were determined by the agar dilution method. Overall, 72% of isolates were not susceptible to penicillin (with 61% being intermediate and 11% being resistant) and 92% were resistant to erythromycin. Telithromycin MICs were >1 g/ml for 16% of the isolates, and for 99% of these isolates the MICs of all macrolides tested were >256 g/ml; all of these isolates had the constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. Eighty-eight percent of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of drugs. The ciprofloxacin MICs were >4 g/ml for six (0.6%) isolates from five patients collected in 2000 and 2001, and the levofloxacin MICs were >8 g/ml for five of these isolates. Seven isolates for which ciprofloxacin MICs were >4 g/ml, including one isolate recovered in 1999, belonged to three serotypes (serotype 19F, five isolates; serotype 23A, one isolate; and serotype 23B, one isolate). The isolates from the six patients for which ciprofloxacin MICs were >4 g/ml had different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, indicating that no clonal dissemination occurred over this time period. Despite the increased rate of fluoroquinolone use, the proportion of pneumococcal isolates for which ciprofloxacin MICs were elevated (>4 g/ml) remained low. However, the occurrence of telithromycin resistance is impressive and raises concerns for the future.

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Novel Penicillin-, Cephalosporin-, and Macrolide-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 23F and 19F in Taiwan Which Differ from International Epidemic Clones

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Penicillin Susceptibility and Epidemiological Typing of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the Republic of Ireland

Penicillin Susceptibility and Epidemiological Typing of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the Republic of Ireland

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Description of the Pathogen, Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

Telithromycin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan with High Prevalence of Resistance to Macrolides and β-Lactams: SMART Program 2001 Data

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