“…Polyploids exhibit improvement such as adaptivity to abiotic stress, e.g. drought (del Pozo and Ramirez-Parra, 2014;Martínez et al, 2018), cold (Klatt et al, 2018), heat (Godfree et al, 2017), salt (Chao et al, 2013), and light (Coate et al, 2013), biotic-stress tolerance e.g., against pathogen (Keane et al, 2014;Hannweg et al, 2016;Hias et al, 2017), against competitors (Wu et al, 2019;Harms et al, 2020), in mutualistic interaction photosynthesis efficiency (Anneberg and Segraves, 2019;Acuña-Rodríguez et al, 2020), metabolite alternation (Iannicelli et al, 2020), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (Deng et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2019). Polyploidy also influences plant reproduction and fitness, especially apomixis, i.e., the asexual reproduction via seed (Asker and Jerling, 1992).…”