Geochemistry and genesis of the banded iron formations of the Cauê Formation, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Spier, Carlos Alberto; Oliveira, Sônia Maria Barros de; Sial, Alcídes N.; Ríos, Francisco Javier

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.10.003

Cited by 132 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The REE-Y spidergrams of granular hematite crystals from DI (gHmA) are very similar to those for BIF whole rock analyses reported by Spier et al (2007) from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…A true negative Ce anomaly (sensu Bau & Dulski 1996) is evident only in hematite crystals from DI and enclosed vein, similar to those values common in whole rock data from Paleoproterozoic BIFs, including the itabirites from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Spier et al 2007). In hematite crystals from high-grade iron ore and also in the enclosed specularite in veins and vugs, a Ce anomaly is absent or positive (Fig.…”

Section: Rare Earth Elements and Yttriumsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…All generations of specular hematite crystals finally exhibit very low trace element concentrations compared to granular hematite. These changes suggest a progressive increase in the fluid/ rock ratio and probably inheritance of the signature of the mineralizing fluid.A true negative Ce anomaly (sensu Bau & Dulski 1996) is evident only in hematite crystals from DI and enclosed vein, similar to those values common in whole rock data from Paleoproterozoic BIFs, including the itabirites from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Spier et al 2007). In hematite crystals from high-grade iron ore and also in the enclosed specularite in veins and vugs, a Ce anomaly is absent or positive (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…The ΣREE values (Tabs. 1 to 4) are very low for all analyzed iron oxides, but higher for granular hematite grains (between 3 and 15 ppm) than for the younger specularite plates (< 5 ppm).The REE-Y spidergrams of granular hematite crystals from DI (gHmA) are very similar to those for BIF whole rock analyses reported by Spier et al (2007) from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Fig. 12).…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…It combines the characteristics of BIFs and marine dolostones with large amounts of iron oxides and texturally it is very similar to quartz itabirites. Spier et al (2007) interpret these rocks from the Itabira Group as the product of diagenetic processes under unusual conditions at the final stages of Paleoproterozoic iron deposition. Morgan et al (2013), using mineralogical investigations combined with rare earth elements behavior and trace elements geochemistry, proposed a mixed marine-hydrothermal origin for these rocks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Chemical fingerprint of iron oxides related to iron enrichment of banded iron formation from the Cauê Formation - Esperança Deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: a laser ablation ICP-MS study

et al. 2015

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Chemical signatures of iron oxides from dolomitic itabirite and high-grade iron ore from the Esperança deposit, located in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, indicate that polycyclic processes involving changing of chemical and redox conditions are responsible for the iron enrichment on Cauê Formation from Minas Supergroup. Variations of Mn, Mg and Sr content in different generations of iron oxides from dolomitic itabirite, high-grade iron ore and syn-mineralization quartz-carbonate-hematite veins denote the close relationship between high-grade iron ore formation and carbonate alteration. This indicates that dolomitic itabirite is the main precursor of the iron ore in that deposit. Long-lasting percolation of hydrothermal fluids and shifts in the redox conditions have contributed to changes in the Y/Ho ratio, light/heavy rare earth elements ratio and Ce anomaly with successive iron oxide generations (martite-granular hematite), as well as lower abundance of trace elements including rare earth elements in the younger specularite generations.KEYWORDS: high-grade iron ore; geochemistry; iron oxide; LA-ICP-MS analysis. RESUMO: As assinaturas químicas dos óxidos de ferro presentes no itabirito dolomítico e no minério de ferro de alto teor do Depósito de Esperança, localizado no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, indicam que processos policíclicos envolvendo mudanças nas condições químicas e de redox são res ponsáveis pelo enriquecimento em ferro na Formação Cauê do Supergrupo Minas. A variação nos conteúdos relativos de Mn, Mg e Sr nas diferentes gerações de óxidos de ferro encontradas no itabirito dolomítico, no minério de ferro de alto teor e nos veios de quartzo carbonato hematita associados à mineralização denotam uma estreita relação entre a formação do corpo de minério de ferro de alto teor e a alteração dos carbonatos. Isso indica que o itabirito dolomítico é o principal precursor do corpo de minério naquele depósito. Percolação de longa duração de fluidos hidrotermais e mudança nas condições de redox contribuíram para a alteração das razões Y/Ho, elementos terras raras leves/pesados e da anomalia de Ce com sucessivas gerações de óxido de ferro (martita hematita granular), bem como depleção dos conteúdos de elementos traço, incluindo os elementos terras raras das gerações mais recentes de especularita. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: minério de ferro de alto teor; geoquímica; óxido de ferro; análise por LA ICP MS.Chemical fingerprint of iron oxides related to iron enrichment of banded iron formation from the Cauê FormationEsperança Deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: a laser ablation ICP-MS study INTRODUCTIONThe genesis of high-grade iron ore bodies has been extensively discussed worldwide. Different processes such as hydrothermal syn-metamorphic (Guild 1953(Guild , 1957Dorr 1965Dorr , 1969, residual supergene (Dorr 1964; Eichler 1968;Melfi et al. 1976), or paleo-supergene enrichment (Morris 1980(Morris , 1987Harmsworth et al. 1990), and the juxtaposition of hypogene and supergene fluids (Hagemann et al. 1999(Hagemann et al....

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Section: Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Rare Earth Elements and Yttriumsupporting

confidence: 75%

supporting

confidence: 75%

supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Chemical fingerprint of iron oxides related to iron enrichment of banded iron formation from the Cauê Formation - Esperança Deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: a laser ablation ICP-MS study

et al. 2015

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Banded Iron Travertines at the Ilia Hot Spring (Greece): An interplay of biotic and abiotic factors leading to a modern Banded Iron Formation analogue?

Kanellopoulos

Thomas

Xirokostas

et al. 2019

The Depositional Record

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A hot spring at Ilia in the Greek Island of Euboea precipitates iron‐rich travertine at an ore‐grade concentration (up to 35.3 wt% Fe). This hydrothermal chemical sediment system deposits bands of iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite), millimetres to centimetres thick, alternating with calcium carbonate‐dominated layers, creating “Banded Iron Travertine” (BIT). The ferrihydrite laminae display a dendritic texture formed of spherical nodules often covering filaments identified as bacterial stalks of Zetaproteobacteria. These microaerophilic iron‐oxidizing bacteria were identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequences in ferrihydrite‐enriched samples from areas under high water flow. They were missing in the aragonite/calcite‐dominated samples exhibiting features of aerial exposure and cyanobacteria instead. These characteristics, and the relative depletion in Fe‐rich layers of redox‐sensitive elements like Mn and Ce, as well as the presence of halite in Ca‐rich layers, suggest that the bands form by successive changes in hydrothermal flow. This allowed microaerophilic iron oxidation to form Fe‐rich layers, while Ca‐rich bands precipitated when the hydrothermal water had time to equilibrate with the atmosphere. This sea water‐dominated hydrothermal system is enriched in reduced iron and rapidly precipitating carbonates and ferrihydrite in the form of bands, having similarities to “Banded Iron Formation” (BIF). BIF represents archives of Earth's primitive biogeochemistry although the combined abiotic and biotic processes that have likely led to their formation are not fully resolved. Diagenesis and metamorphism have a strong imprint on BIF. Thus, continuous efforts are pursued to identify modern analogues that could help unravel their formation. Although carbonate is not a common feature of BIFs, Ilia system provides an interesting analogue for their depositional processes and potential microbial–mineral associations they may have hosted. It also presents pre‐diagenesis facies association and mineralogy that could bring new clues for unravelling BIF modes of formation and the salient biogeochemical conditions characteristic of their original depositional environment.

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Neoarchean‐Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary basins in the Sarmatian Craton: Global correlations and connections

et al. 2021

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The East European Craton is a collage of Early Precambrian crustal fragments including Fennoscandia, Sarmatia, and Volga‐Uralia, which are welded by Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogens. Here, we present a detailed overview of the sedimentary basins in Sarmatia that incorporate giant belts of banded iron formations (BIFs) and are therefore important in understanding the geological history and global correlations during the Archean‐Proterozoic transition. Among the two sedimentary basins in Sarmatia (Mikhailovsky and Tim‐Kryvyi Rih), the Mikhailovsky Basin is characterized by the presence of a carbonate platform underlying BIFs. The BIFs are locally overlain by thin clastic deposits. Thick‐bedded dolomites occur with BIF in the Tim Kryvyi Rih Basin. In the Mikhailovsky Basin, after their deposition there was a long‐lasting hiatus. In the Mikhailovsky Basin, there are no sedimentary rocks after the regional hiatus except for glacial deposits. Sedimentation resumed with the development of continental rift‐related structures, where the accumulation of terrigenous sediments was accompanied by, and culminated with, outflows of basalts at 2.1 Ga. A detailed evaluation of the history of sedimentary basins in Sarmatia record transgression (~2.6–2.4 Ga) with the accumulation of giant BIFs (~2.50–2.45 Ga), regression (~2.4–2.2 Ga), hiatus and glaciations (~2.4–2.2 Ga), and rift‐related volcanism (~2.2–2.1 Ga). We attempt a correlation of the sedimentary sequences in Sarmatia with those of Pilbara, Kaapvaal, and São Francisco cratons which show that the geological events on all these cratons were similar during 2.6–2.4 Ga. We thus propose that the Sarmatia Craton may serve as a link in the palaeocontinental correlations of the Vaalbara Supercraton and the São Francisco Craton, based on the striking similarity in the Neoarchean‐Early Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary basins.

show abstract

Geochemistry and genesis of the banded iron formations of the Cauê Formation, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 132 publications

References 65 publications

Chemical fingerprint of iron oxides related to iron enrichment of banded iron formation from the Cauê Formation - Esperança Deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: a laser ablation ICP-MS study

Chemical fingerprint of iron oxides related to iron enrichment of banded iron formation from the Cauê Formation - Esperança Deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: a laser ablation ICP-MS study

Banded Iron Travertines at the Ilia Hot Spring (Greece): An interplay of biotic and abiotic factors leading to a modern Banded Iron Formation analogue?

Neoarchean‐Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary basins in the Sarmatian Craton: Global correlations and connections

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