Geochemistry And Dynamics Of The Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal System

Fournier, Robert O.

doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.17.1.13

Cited by 319 publications

(308 citation statements)

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“…Increased functional variation, whether driven by biotic or abiotic processes, enables members of a community to respond differentially to changes in their environment (McCann, 2000) and has been linked to increased ecosystem function (Tilman et al, 1997). In the YNP subsurface, the boiling of fluids under high pressure leads to the partitioning of various solutes and volatile gases into either the vapor phase or hot-water phase (Fournier, 2005). Vapor-dominated springs are generally acidic whereas hot-water [FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park ES Boyd et al phase dominated springs are generally neutral to alkaline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park: evidence for dispersal limitation and phylogenetic niche conservatism

et al. 2010

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Hydrogen (H 2 ) has an important role in the anaerobic degradation of organic carbon and is the basis for many syntrophic interactions that commonly occur in microbial communities. Little is known, however, with regard to the biotic and/or abiotic factors that control the distribution and phylogenetic diversity of organisms which produce H 2 in microbial communities. In this study, we examined the [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene (hydA) as a proxy for fermentative bacterial H 2 production along physical and chemical gradients in various geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), WY, USA. The distribution of hydA in YNP geothermal springs was constrained by pH to environments co-inhabited by oxygenic phototrophs and to environments predicted to have low inputs of abiotic H 2 . The individual HydA asssemblages from YNP springs were more closely related when compared with randomly assembled communities, which suggests ecological filtering. Model selection approaches revealed that geographic distance was the best explanatory variable to predict the phylogenetic relatedness of HydA communities. This evinces the dispersal limitation imposed by the geothermal spring environment on HydA phylogenetic diversity even at small spatial scales. pH differences between sites is the second highest ranked explanatory variable of HydA phylogenetic relatedness, which suggests that the ecology related to pH imposes strong phylogenetic niche conservatism. Collectively, these results indicate that pH has imposed strong niche conservatism on fermentative bacteria and that, within a narrow pH realm, YNP springs are dispersal limited with respect to fermentative bacterial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park: evidence for dispersal limitation and phylogenetic niche conservatism

et al. 2010

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“…Generally, the concentrations of K + and Na + ions in rivers and lakes are much less than 1 mM, and the K + /Na + ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0, although in streams that interact with potassium-rich igneous rocks, this ratio can reach 2 or 3 (59,60). At sites of inland geothermal activity, the levels of K + and Na + are higher as a result of extensive leaching of metals from rocks by hot, carbonate-enriched waters, and the K + /Na + ratio varies within a broad range (54,55) owing to the intrinsic heterogeneity of such systems. The heterogeneity is a result of the boiling of the ascending hot hydrothermal fluids at shallower depths followed by separation of the vapor phase from the liquid phase (Fig.…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mulkidjanian

Bychkov²,

Dibrova³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

366

336

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All cells contain much more potassium, phosphate, and transition metals than modern (or reconstructed primeval) oceans, lakes, or rivers. Cells maintain ion gradients by using sophisticated, energydependent membrane enzymes (membrane pumps) that are embedded in elaborate ion-tight membranes. The first cells could possess neither ion-tight membranes nor membrane pumps, so the concentrations of small inorganic molecules and ions within protocells and in their environment would equilibrate. Hence, the ion composition of modern cells might reflect the inorganic ion composition of the habitats of protocells. We attempted to reconstruct the "hatcheries" of the first cells by combining geochemical analysis with phylogenomic scrutiny of the inorganic ion requirements of universal components of modern cells. These ubiquitous, and by inference primordial, proteins and functional systems show affinity to and functional requirement for K + , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+, and phosphate. Thus, protocells must have evolved in habitats with a high K + /Na + ratio and relatively high concentrations of Zn, Mn, and phosphorous compounds. Geochemical reconstruction shows that the ionic composition conducive to the origin of cells could not have existed in marine settings but is compatible with emissions of vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems. Under the anoxic, CO 2 -dominated primordial atmosphere, the chemistry of basins at geothermal fields would resemble the internal milieu of modern cells. The precellular stages of evolution might have transpired in shallow ponds of condensed and cooled geothermal vapor that were lined with porous silicate minerals mixed with metal sulfides and enriched in K + , Zn 2+, and phosphorous compounds.

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“…Recently, the magmatic and volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park has been reviewed by Christiansen (1984) and Fournier (1989); the general geology of the NorrisMammoth Corridor has been summarized by White et al (1988). During the last two million years, the Yellowstone Plateau has experienced three explosive caldera-forming eruptions.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local variations result from differing amounts of vapor loss, dilution, and water-rock interactions that occur as the water rises to the surface. Truesdell and Fournier (1976) and Fournier (1989) have suggested that the reservoir is located beneath the caldera at a depth of 3-5 km. Truesdell et al (1977) believe that the primary water has a chloride concentration of 310 ppm.…”

Section: A Trajectories and Manding Curves Of Thermal Water Of The Normentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

Clark

Turekian

1990

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Clark, J.F. and Turekian, K.K., 1990. Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., We have measured 224Ra (3.4 d), 228Ra (5.7 yr), and 226Ra (1620 yr) and chloride in hot spring waters from the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park. Two characteristic cold-water components mix with the primary hydrothermal water: one for the travertine-depositing waters related to the Mammoth Hot Springs and the other for the sinter-depositing Norris Geyser Basin springs. The Mammoth Hot Springs water is a mixture of the primary hydrothermal fluid with meteoric waters flowing through the Madison Limestone, as shown by the systematic decrease of the (228Ra/22eRa) activity ratio proceeding northward. The Norris Geyser Basin springs are mixtures of primary hydrothermal water with different amounts of cold meteoric water with no modification of the primary hydrothermal (228Ra/226Ra) activity ratio. Using a solution and recoil model for radium isotope supply to the primary hydrothermal water, a mean water-rock reaction time prior to expansion at 350 °C and supply to the surface is 540 years assuming that 250 g of water are involved in the release of the radium from one gram of rock. The maximum reaction time allowed by our model is 1150 years.

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Geochemistry And Dynamics Of The Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal System

Cited by 319 publications

References 0 publications

[FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park: evidence for dispersal limitation and phylogenetic niche conservatism

[FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park: evidence for dispersal limitation and phylogenetic niche conservatism

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

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