Geochemical landscapes of the conterminous United States — New map presentations for 22 elements

Gustavsson, N.; Bölviken, B.; Smith, David B.; Severson, R.C.

doi:10.3133/pp1648

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, the concentrations of Zn, Ni and Sr are up to 2.8 higher in the considered mining-disturbed soil cover than under undisturbed conditions. Furthermore, in comparison with extensive datasets on background levels, derived from approximately 1000 topsoil samples each (summarised in Goldhaber et al 2009), including Europe (Salminen et al 2005) and North America (Shacklette and Boerngen 1984;Gustavsson et al 2001), the soils of the here considered Zaamar mining region contain higher concentrations of As (Zaamar median 13 mg kg ). In the Zaamar region, concentrations of As and V occur at ecologically hazardous levels, exceeding maximum permissible levels established in Mongolia for loamy soil (Dorzhgotov and Bathishig 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of soil contamination, erosion and river loading of metals in a gold mining region of northern Mongolia

et al. 2017

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Mining has become one of the main causes of increased heavy metal loading of river systems throughout the world. There is however an evident gap between assessments of soil contamination and metal release at the mined sites and estimates of river pollution. The present work focuses on Zaamar Goldfield, which is one of the largest placer gold mines in the world, located along the Tuul River, Mongolia, which ultimately drains into Lake Baikal, Russia. It combines field observations in the river basin with soil erosion modelling and aims at quantifying the contribution from natural erosion of metal-rich soil to observed increases in mass flows of metals along the Tuul River. Results show that the sediment delivery from the mining area to the Tuul River is considerably higher than the possible contribution from natural soil erosion. This is primarily due to excessive mining-related water use creating turbid wastewaters, disturbed filtering functions of deposition areas (natural sediment traps) close to the river and disturbances from infrastructures such as roads. Furthermore, relative to background levels, soils within Zaamar Goldfield contained elevated concentrations of As, Sr, Mn,V, Ni, Cu and Cr. The enhanced soil loss caused by mining-related activities can also explain observed, considerable increases in mass flows of metals in the Tuul River. The present example from Tuul River may provide useful new insights regarding the erosion and geomorphic evolution of mined areas, as well as the associated delivery of metals into stream networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of soil contamination, erosion and river loading of metals in a gold mining region of northern Mongolia

et al. 2017

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“…Den negative korrelasjonen mellom malignt melanom og kalsium kan derfor også tenkes å avspeile en positiv korrelasjon mellom malignt melanom og radon (som ikke ble bestemt i denne undersøkelsen). I denne sammenheng er det interessant å merke seg at for USA indikerer eksisterende temakart at dødelighet av malignt melanom (Mason et al 1975) er omvendt assosiert med innholdet av kalsium i jord (Gustavsson et al 1998). (Westlund 1982) i 73 rurale kommuneaggregater i Norge versus atmosfaerisk nedfall av magnesium (Mg) estimert på grunnlag av data fra Førland (1993) og NILU (1994.…”

Section: Spatially Moving Correlation For Incidence Rates Of Malignanunclassified

Geomedisin

Bölviken¹

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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Adresse for korrespondanse: Rute 512, 2857 Skreia Telefon og telefax 61164709 e-post bjorn.bolviken@ngu.no SAMMENDRAGNorges geologiske undersøkelse (NGU) produserer geologiske, geofysiske og geokjemiske kart. Slike kart har anvendelse i fagområder som miljøvern, ressursleting, landbruk, klimaforskning og arealplanlegging. I tillegg kommer geomedisin, som er et fagområde der saerlig de geokjemiske kart har interesse. Geokjemiske kart viser at innholdet av ulike grunnstoffer i naturlig materiale danner geografiske mønstre med store kontraster både i lokal, regional og kontinental skala. Flere av de viktige sykdomsgrupper i vår tid, såsom hjerte-karsykdommer, kreft og multippel sklerose, opptrer også i systematiske geografiske mønstre. Men mange slike endemiske sykdommer har likevel uklare årsaksforhold. Det er bred enighet om at et samspill av flere faktorer ofte er viktig, og geokjemiske forhold er interessante i denne sammenheng. Ved å sammenholde geokjemiske og epidemiologiske data (økologiske undersøkelser) er det kanskje mulig å avdekke nye assosiasjoner av typen jod/struma og fluor/tannråte. Artikkelen gir eksempler fra NGUs aktiviteter innenfor geomedisin de senere år. En sammenligning av kvaliteten av drikkevann som forsyner ca. 70% av befolkningen, med utbredelsen av 25 grupper av sykdommer (herunder 10 former for kreft) gav ingen sikre holdepunkter om signifikante korrelasjoner. I den senere tid har vi utviklet en metode for analyse av geografisk løpende korrelasjon. Anvendelse av denne metoden har vist at epidemiologiske og geokjemiske data kan vaere signifikant korrelert i deler av landet, selv om korrelasjonen er tilfeldig for hele landet sett under ett. Til de signifikante korrelasjoner som ble funnet i Sør Norge, hører (1) insidensrater av malignt melanom versus innholdet av kalsium i flomsedimenter (negativ) og (2) dødelighetsrater av multippel sklerose versus (a) innholdet av radon i boligluft (positiv) og (b) årlig nedfall av sjøsalter med nedbøren (negativ). Det er konkludert med at økologiske undersøkelser har gode muligheter for å fremskaffe nye resultater av betydning for epidemiologisk forskning.Bølviken B. Geomedicine. Nor J Epidemiol 1998; 8 (1): 7-17. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) produces geological, geophysical and geochemical maps. These maps are traditionally used in fields such as environmental research, exploration for mineral deposits, agriculture and town planning. The geochemical maps also have a potential use in geomedicine (Environmental Geochemistry and Health). Geochemical mapping has shown that chemical elements form systematic natural distribution patterns at the earth's surface with marked contrasts at local as well as regional and continental scales. Several of the important diseases of our times, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer and multiple sclerosis, also show systematic distribution patterns. The etiology of these types of endemic disease is, nevertheless, incompletely known. It is widely accepted, however, that many factors play a role, amo...

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“…A geochemical map provides essential and fundamental information for mineral exploration and environmental assessment on the earth's surface (Webb et al, 1978;Weaver et al, 1983;Fauth et al, 1985;Bølviken, et al, 1986;Thalmann et al, 1988;Reimann et al, 1998;Gustavsson et al, 2001). The Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) collected approximately 3000 stream sediments; measured the concentrations of 53 elements; conducted a nationwide geochemical mapping at a 1:2,000,000 scale .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study for speciation geochemical mapping using a sequential extraction method using a sequential extraction method

Ohta¹,

Imai²,

Terashima³

et al. 2007

Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan

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(2007) Preliminary study for speciation geochemical mapping using a sequential extraction method. Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, vol. 58 (7/8), 7 figs, 3 tables, 5 appendix tables.Abstract: Sequential extraction is useful to assess the potential hazard of toxic metals and metal mobility in sediments. The extraction procedure developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has been applied to the extraction of 51 elements from 30 stream sediments that were collected mainly for nationwide geochemical mapping in Japan. The geochemical reference samples, JSd-1, JSd-2 and JSd-3, were used to estimate the reproducibility of the elemental concentrations obtained using the BCR method. The BCR scheme is designed to extract elements in the intended phase using acetic acid (step 1), hydroxylammonium chloride (step 2), hydrogen peroxide and ammonium acetate (step 3), and hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, and nitric acid (step 4). The relative standard deviations of elemental concentrations in each extraction stage were generally less than ±10 -25 %; the sums of elemental concentrations in respective steps (the total recoveries) ranged from 80 to 130 % of the bulk compositions in most cases. The extraction results for respective elements showed relative uniformity among the samples originated from various geological and lithological units, suggesting the limited influence of geology on the speciation of elements. In contrast, significant differences in the extraction results were found in samples from rural and urbanized areas even though they were all from sedimentary rock areas. Samples from urban areas were characterized by a higher proportion of Co, Ni, Zn and Cd extracted in step 1 and those of Cr, Cu, and Pb in step 3, probably indicating heavymetal contamination in their watersheds. Stream sediments near mining sites also showed a distinctive pattern in the extraction results. This study suggested that the BCR scheme is helpful for detecting the possible contamination of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb and exploring for mineral deposits bearing Zn, Cd and Pb.

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Geochemical landscapes of the conterminous United States — New map presentations for 22 elements

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

Patterns of soil contamination, erosion and river loading of metals in a gold mining region of northern Mongolia

Patterns of soil contamination, erosion and river loading of metals in a gold mining region of northern Mongolia

Geomedisin

Preliminary study for speciation geochemical mapping using a sequential extraction method using a sequential extraction method

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